万物简史 第199期:威力巨大的原子(13)

 　　Neutrons¹ and protons occupy the atom's nucleus². The nucleus of an atom is tiny—only one millionth of a billionth of the full volume of the atom—but fantastically dense³, since it contains virtually all the atom's mass. As Cropper has put it, if an atom were expanded to the size of a cathedral, the nucleus would be only about the size of a fly—but a fly many thousands of times heavier than the cathedral. It was this spaciousness—this resounding⁴, unexpected roominess—that had Rutherford scratching his head in 1910.

　　中子和质子占据了原子核。原子核很小——只有原子全部容量的千万亿分之一，但密度极大，它实际上构成了原子的全部物质。克罗珀说，要是把原子扩大到一座教堂那么大，原子核只有大约一只苍蝇那么大——但苍蝇要比教堂重几千倍。1910年卢瑟福在苦苦思索的，就是这种宽敞的空间——这种令人吃惊、料想不到的宽敞空间。

　　原子

　　It is still a fairly astounding⁵ notion to consider that atoms are mostly empty space, and that the solidity we experience all around us is an illusion. When two objects come together in the real world—billiard balls are most often used for illustration—they don't actually strike each other. "Rather," as Timothy Ferris explains, "the negatively charged fields of the two balls repel⁶ each other. . . were it not for their electrical charges they could, like galaxies⁷, pass right through each other unscathed." When you sit in a chair, you are not actually sitting there, but levitating⁸ above it at a height of one angstrom (a hundred millionth of a centimeter), your electrons and its electrons implacably opposed to any closer intimacy⁹.

　　认为原子主要是空荡荡的空间，我们身边的实体只是一种幻觉，这个见解现在依然令人吃惊。要是两个物体在现实世界里碰在一起——我们常用台球来作为例子——它们其实并不互相撞击。“而是，”蒂姆西·费里斯解释说，“两个球的负电荷场互相排斥......要是不带电荷，它们很可能会像星系那样安然无事地互相穿堂而过。”你坐在椅子上，其实没有坐在上面，而是以1埃（一亿分之一厘米）的高度浮在上面，你的电子和它的电子不可调和地互相排斥，不可能达到更密切的程度。

1 neutrons   

n.中子( neutron的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The neutrons and protons form the core of the atom. 中子和质子构成了原子核。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• When an atom of U235 is split,several neutrons are set free. 一个铀235原子分裂时，释放出几个中子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 nucleus   

n.核，核心，原子核

参考例句：

• These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
• These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。

3 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

4 resounding   

adj. 响亮的

参考例句：

• The astronaut was welcomed with joyous,resounding acclaim. 人们欢声雷动地迎接那位宇航员。
• He hit the water with a resounding slap. 他啪的一声拍了一下水。

5 astounding   

adj.使人震惊的vt.使震惊，使大吃一惊astound的现在分词)

参考例句：

• There was an astounding 20% increase in sales. 销售量惊人地增加了20%。
• The Chairman's remarks were so astounding that the audience listened to him with bated breath. 主席说的话令人吃惊，所以听众都屏息听他说。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 repel   

v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥

参考例句：

• A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
• Particles with similar electric charges repel each other.电荷同性的分子互相排斥。

7 galaxies   

星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）

参考例句：

• Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
• We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。

8 levitating   

v.（使）升空，（使）漂浮( levitate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• It will not mean things like levitating objects and reading others minds. 你将开始明白掌握力量的真正意义。 来自互联网
• As the pole rotates the balls spin out levitating higher the faster the system spins. 柱子旋转的时候，这两个球也会转起来，这个系统转得越快，它们飞得越高。 来自互联网

9 intimacy   

n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行

参考例句：

• His claims to an intimacy with the President are somewhat exaggerated.他声称自己与总统关系密切，这有点言过其实。
• I wish there were a rule book for intimacy.我希望能有个关于亲密的规则。