万物简史 第398期:浩瀚的海洋(17)

 　　Millions of gallons of fresh water evaporate from the ocean daily, leaving all their salts behind, 每天有几百万加仑淡水从海洋蒸发，留下了全部盐分，

　　so logically the seas ought to grow more salty with the passing years, but they don't. 因此从逻辑上说，随着岁月的流逝，海水应该越来越咸，而实际情况并非如此。

　　Something takes an amount of salt out of the water equivalent to the amount being put in. 有什么东西从海水里带走了一定量的盐，这一定量的盐又相当于在增加的盐量。

　　For the longest time, no one could figure out what could be responsible for this. 在很长时间里，谁也想不出是什么有可能干了这件事。

　　Alvin's discovery of the deep-sea vents¹ provided the answer. “阿尔文”号对深海喷气孔的发现提供了答案。

　　Geophysicists realized that the vents were acting² much like the filters in a fish tank. 地球物理学家们认识到，那些喷气孔的作用，很像是鱼箱的过滤器。

　　As water is taken down into the crust, salts are stripped from it, and eventually clean water is blown out again through the chimney stacks. 水流入地壳以后，被剥夺了盐分；最后，清水又从烟囱里喷出来。

　　The process is not swift—it can take up to ten million years to clean an ocean—but it is marvelously efficient as long as you are not in a hurry. 这个过程不是很快的——清理一个海洋大约要花1000万年，不过，要是你不着急的话正这个过程还是极其有效的。

　　Perhaps nothing speaks more clearly of our psychological remoteness from the ocean depths 在心理上，我们离大洋深处十分遥远。

　　than that the main expressed goal for oceanographers during International Geophysical Year of 1957-58 海洋学家在1957——1958国际地球物理学会期间提出的主要目标也许最清楚的说明了这一点。

　　was to study "the use of ocean depths for the dumping of radioactive wastes." 他们提出要研究“利用海洋深处来堆放射性垃圾”。

　　This wasn't a secret assignment, you understand, but a proud public boast. 你要知道，这不是个秘密任务，而是个引以为傲的公开主张。

　　In fact, though it wasn't much publicized, by 1957-58 实际上，虽然不大公开，到1957-1958学年，

　　the dumping of radioactive wastes had already been going on, with a certain appalling³ vigor⁴, for over a decade. 在过去的10多年时间里，倾倒放射性垃圾的工你已经在以某种令人吃惊的劲头进行。

　　Since 1946, the United States had been ferrying fifty-five-gallon drums of radioactive gunk out to the Farallon Islands, 自1946年以来，美国一直在把以桶桶250升的放射性垃圾运送到

　　some thirty miles off the California coast near San Francisco, where it simply threw them overboard. 距加州海岸大约50公里远的法拉龙群岛，然后只是往海里一推。

1 vents   

（气体、液体等进出的）孔、口( vent的名词复数 )； （鸟、鱼、爬行动物或小哺乳动物的）肛门； 大衣等的)衩口； 开衩

参考例句：

• He always vents his anger on the dog. 他总是拿狗出气。
• The Dandelion Patch is the least developed of the four active vents. “蒲公英区”在这四个活裂口中是发育最差的一个。

2 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

3 appalling   

adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的

参考例句：

• The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions.恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
• Nothing can extenuate such appalling behaviour.这种骇人听闻的行径罪无可恕。

4 vigor   

n.活力，精力，元气

参考例句：

• The choir sang the words out with great vigor.合唱团以极大的热情唱出了歌词。
• She didn't want to be reminded of her beauty or her former vigor.现在，她不愿人们提起她昔日的美丽和以前的精力充沛。