走进牛津大学 第6期:牛津大学校舍的建立

 　　Balliol College was founded by John I de Balliol, under the guidance of the Bishop¹ of Durham.

　　贝利奥尔学院是约翰.贝利奥尔在达拉谟主教的指引下建造的。

　　His support for a house of scholars studying at Oxford² began in around 1263.

　　贝利奥尔就开始资助牛津大学建校舍，

　　After his death in 1268，his widow continued to superise, so as to ensure the establishment of the college.

　　在1268年贝利奥尔辞世后，他的遗孀继续监督校舍建造以确保学院落成。

　　The founder³ of MertonCollege was Bishop of Rochester Walter de Merton, chancellor⁴ to Henry III and later to Edward I.

　　默顿学院的建造者是罗彻斯特主教沃尔特.默顿，他是亨利二世以及后来的爱德华一世执政时的大臣。

　　In 1264, Walter drew up statutes⁵ for a “house of the scholars of Merton”.

　　1264年，沃尔特给“默顿的 学者们”起草了一个章程。

　　Ten years later, he transferred those scholars to Oxford, who he supported at Malden, Surrey.

　　10年后，沃尔他在萨里郡的莫尔登资助过的学生们转移到了牛津。

　　Then he established Merton College.

　　接着，他建立了默顿学院。

　　For the last three years of his life Walter divided his time between his duties in Rochester and the supervision⁶ of Merton College.

　　在他生命的最后3年里，沃尔特把所有的时间用在他在罗彻斯特的工作和默顿学院的管理上。

　　Unfortunately, he died from an accident in 1277.

　　不幸的是，他因一场意外于1277年辞世。

　　Between the 14th and 15th century, another 7 colleges also came into existence in succession,

　　14-15世纪，另外7个学院也陆续建成，

　　comprising Exeter College in 1314, Oriel College in 1326，Queen's College in 1341，New College in 1379，Lincoln College in 1427，

　　包括1314年成立的艾克赛特学院、1326年成立的奥里尔学院、1341年建成的女王学院、1379年建成的新学院、1427年建成的林肯学院、

　　All Souls College in 1438，and Magdalen College in 1458.

　　分别成立于1438年及1458年的众灵学院和莫德林学院。

　　What’s more，there were also two colleges built during this time, St Edmunds Hall in 1226 and Hertford College in 1282.

　　此外，在此期间建立的学院还有两个：1226年的圣.艾德蒙学堂和1282年的赫特福德学院。

　　However, it was not until later that they were admitted as colleges, due to different standards of a college.

　　但是，由于对学院的评估标准不一，直到后来它们才被承认是学院。

　　They were making the transition to a college respectively in 1957 and 1740.

　　它们分别于1957年和1740年改称为学院。

1 bishop   

n.主教，（国际象棋）象

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• Two years after his death the bishop was canonised.主教逝世两年后被正式封为圣者。

2 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

3 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

4 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

5 statutes   

成文法( statute的名词复数 )； 法令； 法规； 章程

参考例句：

• The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Each agency is also restricted by the particular statutes governing its activities. 各个机构的行为也受具体法令限制。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

6 supervision   

n.监督，管理

参考例句：

• The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
• The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。