托福口语练习 潜意识知觉

Describe what subliminal¹ perception is and explain how the experiment discussed by the professor illustrates² this phenomenon.

请描述一下潜意识知觉是什么，并解释教授谈到的实验是如何阐明这一现象的。

Now, read the passage about subliminal perception.

请阅读这篇关于潜意识知觉的文章。

You will have 50 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.

你将有50秒的时间来阅读文章。现在计时开始。

Now, listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a psychology³ class.

请听心理学课上关于这个话题的部分内容。

Consider this experiment.

想象一下这个实验：

Two groups of people were asked to watch TV and while they are watching,

两组人按照要求在看电视，在他们看着的时候，

a picture flashed on the screen less than a second, very quickly so it was barely noticeable.

电视屏幕上闪现了一张照片，这张照片出现的时间不超过一秒钟，速度非常快，所以几乎注意不到。

The picture was of a boy with a birthday cake.

这张照片的内容是一个男孩和一个生日蛋糕。

Now, like I said, there were two groups and each group saw a slightly different version of the picture.

那么，就像我说的，一共有两组人，每组看到的照片版本稍微有些不同。

One group got the boy looking angry, in fact, he was actually throwing the cake on the floor.

在第一组看见的照片里，小男孩看上去很生气，事实上，他正把蛋糕扔到地上。

The other group got a picture of the boy smiling, happy, holding up the cake like he was offering it.

而另一组看见的则是一个笑着的小男孩，他开心地托着蛋糕，就像他在请你一起分享一样。

Same boy, same cake but different emotions expressed in each picture.

两张照片中的男孩和蛋糕都一模一样，不同的只是男孩表示出的情绪。

Everyone was then asked to look at a different image. Now, this is a third image, right?

接着所有人都被要求看着一张不一样的照片，目前为止，这是第三张照片了，对吗？

Again, it's the boy and the cake, but this time the image stayed on the screen.

照片上再次出现了那个男孩和蛋糕，只不过这一次照片留在了屏幕上，并没有一闪而过。

In this picture, the boy's just holding the cake basically no emotion on his face, everything very neutral.

在这张照片里，小男孩只是简单地托着蛋糕，脸上基本上显示不出任何情绪，一切都很中性。

Now, remember, nobody knew they'd already seen a picture of this boy.

现在，请记住，他们中并没有人知道他们已经看见过这个男孩的照片了。

After a minute, everyone was asked to describe the boy's personality.

一分钟之后，每个人都被要求描述这个男孩的性格。

Those who'd been exposed to the image of the angry boy,

那些看过小男孩生气的照片的人，

they generally described the boy's personality negatively.

一般都把小男孩的性格描述得很负面。

Those who'd earlier seen the happy boy described him, well, positively⁴.

而那些之前看见的是小男孩快乐的照片的人，则把他描述得很积极正面。

1 subliminal   

adj.下意识的，潜意识的；太弱或太快以至于难以觉察的

参考例句：

• Maybe they're getting it on a subliminal level.也许他们会在潜意识里这么以为。
• The soft sell approach gets to consumers in a subliminal way.软广告通过潜意识的作用来影响消费者。

2 illustrates   

给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明

参考例句：

• This historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
• Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生，他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分

3 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

4 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。