托福听力荟萃 27

Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major____________shift, at the end of thelast ____________. But first, let's backup a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, wedefined "climate" as____________patterns ofweather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occurwhen the energy balance of the Earth is____________. Solar energy enters the Earth's atmosphere aslight and is____________by the Earth'ssurface as heat. Land, water, and ice each affect this energy exchangedifferently. The system is so complex that, to date, our best computer modelsare only and are notsophisticated enough to test ____________about the causes ofclimatic change. Of course, that doesn't keep us from____________. For instance, volcanic¹ activity is one mechanismthat might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they tons of particlesinto the upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since lesslight is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a____________of the Earth's surface.Of course, this is just one possible mechanism² of global climate change. In allprobability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanismsoperating at the same time.

 

 

【填空答案】

climatic: adj. connected with the weather in a particular area 气候的

iceage: one of the long periods of time, thousands of years ago, when ice covered many northern countries 冰川期，冰河时代

consistent: adj. always having the same beliefs, behavior, attitudes, quality etc（信仰、行为、态度、品质等）一贯的，一致的；始终如一的

disturb: v. to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing by asking a question, making a noise etc 干扰，打扰；使中断

radiate: v. if something radiates light or heat, or if light or heat radiates from something, it is sent out in all directions 辐射（光或热）；（向四面八方）发射

crude: adj. not developed to a high standard or made with great skill 粗制的

approximation: n. ［C］a number, amount etc that is not exact, but is almost correct 概算，近似值

hypothesis: n. ［C］pluralhypotheses, an idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, proving and idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说

speculate: v. to think or talk about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts or details 猜测，推测

disperse⁴: v. if something disperses⁵ or is dispersed⁶, it spreads over a wide area（使）消散；（使）分散

cooling: n.［U］the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature 冷却

【听力原文】

Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major climatic shift, at the end of the last ice age.

But first, let's back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First,

we defined "climate" as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time.

In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the Earth is disturbed. Solar

energy enters the Earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the Earth's surface as heat. Land,

water, and ice each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, to date,

our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test

hypotheses about the causes of climatic change.

Of course, that doesn't keep us from speculating. For instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism

that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into

the upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system

of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the Earth's surface.

Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change. In all probability,

a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms³ operating at the same time.

1 volcanic   

adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
• Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。

2 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

3 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 disperse   

vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散

参考例句：

• The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies.那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
• The children disperse for the holidays.孩子们放假了。

5 disperses   

v.（使）分散( disperse的第三人称单数 )；疏散；驱散；散布

参考例句：

• With controlled pace and sequence of construction, excess heat disperses. 在对施工进度和程序加以控制之后，多余的热量就能散掉。 来自辞典例句
• Normally, turbulence disperses such pollutants quickly. 正常情况下，湍流将迅速驱散这类污染物。 来自辞典例句

6 dispersed   

adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的

参考例句：

• The clouds dispersed themselves. 云散了。
• After school the children dispersed to their homes. 放学后，孩子们四散回家了。