听力文摘：解剖学的恐惧

The Anatomy¹ of Fear

解剖学的恐惧

One nice day you're walking along a wooded path. You come around a corner and there, coiled in the path, is a huge rattlesnake, its rattles² abuzz. You are deathly afraid of snakes.

天气不错的一天，你漫步在林荫小道。走到小道拐角一处，你突然发现一条巨大的响尾蛇就蜷缩在那！它还嘶嘶地吐着蛇信。你可是怕蛇怕得要死。

Various parts of the brain signal the nervous systems and organs to prepare to take action. The pupils of the eyes dilate³, the thyroid gland⁴ raises the resting metabolic⁵ rate. The bronchioles in the lungs dilate to admit more oxygen, hairs stand on end. Heart rate and blood pressure rise to supply the body and brain with fuel.

多个大脑部位传送出采取措施的信号给神经系统和各个器官：瞳孔放大，甲状腺加快新陈代谢，肺部的支气管扩张吸进更多氧气，毛骨悚然，心率加快，血压上升以便供给身体和大脑能量。

The liver begins to break down sugars for quick energy, blood vessels⁶ in the skin contract causing chills and sweating. The spleen pumps out white blood cells in case there is an injury. Stomach and intestine⁷ enzyme⁸ secretion⁹ and muscle activity needed for digestion¹⁰ stop, and blood vessels in the stomach and intestines¹¹ contract to divert blood to the muscles.

肝脏加速分解糖分供能。皮下血管收缩，身体发冷出汗。脾脏产生更多白细胞抵抗受伤。肠胃酶的分泌及肌肉活动引起食欲不振。肠胃的血管收缩，血液传输到肌肉组织。

The bladder and colon¹² prepare to empty, the central portion of the adrenal medulla floods the bloodstream with adrenaline and noradrenaline, constricting¹³ the blood vessels, breathing quickens. The entire body is in a state of high alert, ready to stay and fight or say "Feet don't fail me now".

大小便可能失禁哦。血液随肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素汇聚到肾上腺髓质的中部，血管收缩，呼吸加快。整个人都处于高度戒备，要么呆在那不动，或者人蛇大战，再或者告诉自己“我一点都不怕”。

Did you follow all that? Of course not, but all that, and more, happens in your body within seconds of your sensing a threat.

受到惊吓，身体会做出上述所有反应吗？当然不是所有咯！但是，当你遭遇惊吓，身体会在仅仅几秒内产生更多反应。

It makes us tired just to think about it!

光是想想就怪累人的！

1 anatomy   

n.解剖学，解剖；功能，结构，组织

参考例句：

• He found out a great deal about the anatomy of animals.在动物解剖学方面，他有过许多发现。
• The hurricane's anatomy was powerful and complex.对飓风的剖析是一项庞大而复杂的工作。

2 rattles   

（使）发出格格的响声， （使）作嘎嘎声( rattle的第三人称单数 )； 喋喋不休地说话； 迅速而嘎嘎作响地移动，堕下或走动； 使紧张，使恐惧

参考例句：

• It rattles the windowpane and sends the dog scratching to get under the bed. 它把窗玻璃震得格格作响，把狗吓得往床底下钻。
• How thin it is, and how dainty and frail; and how it rattles. 你看它够多么薄，多么精致，多么不结实；还老那么哗楞哗楞地响。

3 dilate   

vt.使膨胀，使扩大

参考例句：

• At night,the pupils dilate to allow in more light.到了晚上，瞳孔就会扩大以接收更多光线。
• Exercise dilates blood vessels on the surface of the brain.运动会使大脑表层的血管扩张。

4 gland   

n.腺体，(机)密封压盖，填料盖

参考例句：

• This is a snake's poison gland.这就是蛇的毒腺。
• Her mother has an underactive adrenal gland.她的母亲肾上腺机能不全。

5 metabolic   

adj.新陈代谢的

参考例句：

• Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
• A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。

6 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 intestine   

adj.内部的；国内的；n.肠

参考例句：

• This vitamin is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.这种维生素通过小肠壁被吸收。
• The service productivity is the function,including external efficiency,intestine efficiency and capacity efficiency.服务业的生产率是一个包含有外部效率、内部效率和能力效率的函数。

8 enzyme   

n.酵素，酶

参考例句：

• Above a certain temperature,the enzyme molecule will become unfolded.超过一定温度，酶分子将会展开。
• An enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots.能溶解血凝块中的纤维的酶。

9 secretion   

n.分泌

参考例句：

• Is there much secretion from your eyes?你眼里的分泌物多吗？
• In addition,excessive secretion of oil,water scarcity are also major factors.除此之外，油脂分泌过盛、缺水也都是主要因素。

10 digestion   

n.消化，吸收

参考例句：

• This kind of tea acts as an aid to digestion.这种茶可助消化。
• This food is easy of digestion.这食物容易消化。

11 intestines   

n.肠( intestine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Perhaps the most serious problems occur in the stomach and intestines. 最严重的问题或许出现在胃和肠里。 来自辞典例句
• The traps of carnivorous plants function a little like the stomachs and small intestines of animals. 食肉植物的捕蝇器起着动物的胃和小肠的作用。 来自辞典例句

12 colon   

n.冒号，结肠，直肠

参考例句：

• Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样，应当在冒号后加破折号。
• The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。

13 constricting   

压缩，压紧，使收缩( constrict的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and treatment of congenital constricting band syndrome(CCBS) and amputations. 目的探讨先天性束带症与先天性截肢的临床特点及治疗方法。