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　　As leaders of leading developing and advanced economies prepare to meet in Washington November 15 to discuss weakening conditions in the global economy, there is an expectation that they will endorse¹ increased government spending to maintain economic growth.
来自主要发展中国家和发达国家的领导人将于11月15日前来华盛顿出席全球金融峰会，讨论如何振兴日益疲软的世界经济。专家预期，各国领导人将在这次峰会上提出增加政府开支以促进经济增长的计划。
Charles Dallara, who heads an association of global financial institutions, says it is extraordinary that leaders have agreed to meet on such short notice. He says the Washington summit symbolizes² the seriousness with which leaders view the financial crisis.
专家指出，在如此短的时间里各国领导人能够同意举行这次峰会，这一点就颇不寻常。查尔斯.达拉腊(Charles Dallara)是国际金融研究所的常务董事。他说，这次华盛顿峰会表明，世界领导人对于目前的金融危机态度都非常严肃。
"The first thing we would hope to come out of it would be a clear message of their commitment to coordinate³ financial, economic and monetary⁴ policies with a view towards continued stabilization⁵ of the current market environment, because we're still not back to normal," said Charles Dallara.
达拉腊说：“我们首先希望他们在这次峰会上能够发出一个明确的信息，表明他们有决心在金融、经济和货币政策方面通力合作，以求继续稳定当前的市场环境，因为我们现在仍然没有恢复正常。”
Fred Bergsten, the respected director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, says it is essential that the leaders avoid controversy⁶ and discord⁷. He is hopeful that the summit will agree to coordinated⁸ fiscal⁹ stimulus¹⁰ that would prop¹¹ up a dramatically slowing world economy.
彼得森国际经济研究所所长佛瑞德.伯格斯滕(Fred Bergsten)也认为，在这次全球金融峰会上，各国领导人避免争议和分歧至关重要。他满怀希望地说，这次峰会看来能够在协调财政刺激措施方面取得一致，从而振兴正在急剧走软的世界经济。
"Given the immediacy of the need to counter what looks like a savage¹² turn-down in the world economy, I would put that [fiscal stimulus] right at the top of the list," said Fred Bergsten.
伯格斯滕说：“鉴于我们迫切需要对付疯狂下行的世界经济，我认为，这次峰会的首要任务就是财政刺激。”
Bergsten applauds the announcement that China is boosting government spending by $600 billion to maintain domestic consumer demand. European nations and the United States are also considering further measures to boost flagging demand. What is called the Group of 20 Summit includes Western European countries, North America, Japan as well as Brazil, Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa and others. Altogether the 20 nations account for 70 percent of global economic output.
伯格斯滕对于中国政府刚刚提出的经济刺激计划表示赞赏。这项金额高达六千亿美元的经济刺激措施将通过增加政府开支来促进国内的消费需求。欧洲国家和美国也都在考虑采取进一步的措施来振兴不断衰弱的市场需求。20国集团的成员国包括西欧国家、北美国家和日本以及巴西、阿根廷、中国、印度、俄罗斯、南非等国。这20个国家的国内生产总值加在一起占全球经济的70%。
Mike Mussa, a former chief economist¹³ at the International Monetary Fund, says through interest rate cuts the major economies have already demonstrated their capacity to act cooperatively.
麦克.穆萨曾经在国际货币基金组织担任首席经济学家。他指出，世界主要经济体通过协调行动削减利率已经表明他们有能力相互合作。
"There is certainly the fact of a world-wide policy response to what is viewed as an increasingly threatening situation," said Mike Mussa.
穆萨说：“针对这种威胁性越来越大的形势，我们实际上正在作出全球范围内的政策反应。”
The Washington summit is being held at the urging of the French and British, whose economies and banking¹⁴ systems have been hard hit by the freezing up of credit markets that began with mortgage loan defaults in the United States over one year ago. The summit, which has scheduled only five hours of formal discussions, will also discuss proposals to better regulate financial markets and improve the functioning of the International Monetary Fund.
此次20国集团华盛顿峰会是在法英两国的敦促下召开的。美国次贷危机一年多前爆发后，法国和英国的经济和银行系统深受信贷冻结的打击。这次峰会为正式会谈只安排了5个小时的时间。峰会还将讨论如何更有效地监管金融市场以及改善国际货币基金组织的功能。