向前一步:第137期 不要身还在 心已远(11)

 Obviously, their reasons for staying home are vastly different. 显然，女性决定做全职妈妈的原因各不相同。

Mothers married to the lowest-earning men struggle to find jobs that pay enough to cover child care costs, which are increasingly unaffordable. 配偶收入处于底层水平的女性在尽力寻找足以补贴家庭支出费用的工作，而这些费用的日益上涨也让人难以负担。

Over the past decade, child care costs have risen twice as fast as the median income of families with children. 在过去10年里，育儿费用已经上涨至普通家庭平均收入的两倍。

The cost for two children (an infant and a four-year-old) to go to a day care center is greater than the annual median rent payment in every state in the country. 在美国各州，送两个孩子去日间幼儿园的花销比全年房租的平均数还高。

Women married to men with greater resources leave for a variety of reasons, but one important factor is the number of hours that their husbands work. 配偶收入更高的已婚女性退出职场也有各种各样的原因，其中很重要的一个因素是女性为迁就其丈夫的工作时间而做出牺牲。

When husbands work fifty or more hours per week, wives with children are 44 percent more likely to quit their jobs than wives with children whose husbands work less. 如果其丈夫每周工作50个小时以上，那些带孩子的女性或较丈夫工作时间更少的女性，辞职的可能性要高出40%。

Many of these mothers are those with the highest levels of education. 这部分女性中很多人都具有高等教育背景。

A 2007 survey of Harvard Business School alumni found that while men's rates of full-time¹ employment never fell below 91 percent, 2007年哈佛商学院关于毕业生的调查结果表明，男性的全职工作率高于91%，

only 81 percent of women who graduated in the early 2000s and 49 percent of women who graduated in the early 1990s were working full-time. 而毕业于2000年初和1990年初的女性中从事全职工作的比例分别为81%和49%。

Of Yale alumni who had reached their forties by 2000, only 56 percent of the women remained in the workforce², compared with 90 percent of the men. 2000年，那些近40岁的耶鲁大学毕业生中，只有56%的女性还留在职场，而男性的比例则是90%。

This exodus³ of highly educated women is a major contributor to the leadership gap. 高学历女性大批离开职场是造成领导层性别差距的一个主要因素。

1 full-time   

adj.满工作日的或工作周的，全时间的

参考例句：

• A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
• I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作，我不知道她是如何对付的。

2 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

3 exodus   

v.大批离去，成群外出

参考例句：

• The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.由于医生大批离去，医疗系统面临崩溃。
• Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet.人在当前所遇到的最大挑战，就是要防止人从这个星球上消失。