向前一步:第211期 让我们开始讨论吧(17)

 The laws that protect women and minorities and people with disabilities, among others, from discrimination are essential, 法律当然能保护女性、少数民族和残疾人等群体的利益不遭受基本的损害，

and I am not suggesting they be circumvented¹. 我并不是在暗示这些法律都没切中问题的要害，

But I have also witnessed firsthand how they can have a chilling effect on discourse², 但我的确亲眼见到这些法律对双方的交流起不到积极作用，

sometimes even to the detriment³ of the people they are designed to defend. 有时甚至还会伤害到它们原本想要保护的对象。

I don't have a solution to this dilemma⁴ and will leave it to public policy and legal experts to solve. 对于这个两难问题，我也没有最佳的解决办法，就让公共政策和法律方面的专家去琢磨吧。

I do think this is worth some serious attention so we can find a way to deal with these issues in a way that protects but doesn't suppress. 但是，我的确认为这个问题值得好好思考，这样我们才能找到一种具有保护性而非压制性的解决方式。

Most people would agree that gender⁵ bias⁶ exists ... in others. 大多数人都会同意性别偏见的现象是存在的，当然，它们往往存在于别人身上。

We, however, would never be swayed by such superficial and unenlightened opinions. Except we are. 不过，女性不能因为这种表面的、落后的看法而动摇，除非我们自己也这么认为。

Our preconceived notions about masculinity and femininity influence how we interact with and evaluate colleagues in the workplace. 对男性和女性各自特征先入为主的设想影响了我们在职场上和同事相处与评价同事的方式。

A 2012 study found that when evaluating identical resumes for a lab manager position from a male student and a female student, 2012年的一项研究发现，当一个男生和一个女生同时申请一个实验室负责人的职位时，

Even though the students had the same qualifications and experience, 即使两个人的资历与经验相同，

the scientists deemed the female student less competent and offered her a lower starting salary and less mentoring⁷. 科学家也会认为女生的能力弱一些，从而降低其起薪数额，所给予的相应指导也会少一些。

Other studies of job applicants⁸, candidates for scholarships, and musicians auditioning⁹ for orchestras have come to the same conclusion: 其他有关工作申请的研究也表明，

gender bias influences how we view performance and typically raises our assessment¹⁰ of men while lowering our assessment of women. 性别偏见影响了我们对个人表现的看法，特别是会提高对男性的评价，而降低对女性的评价。

 

1 circumvented   

v.设法克服或避免（某事物），回避( circumvent的过去式和过去分词 )；绕过，绕行，绕道旅行

参考例句：

• By such means the ban against dancing was circumvented. 这样，舞蹈就不至于被禁止。 来自英汉非文学 - 民俗
• It can therefore be circumvented by address manipulation and explicit type conversion. 因而可以通过地址操纵和显式型别转换来绕过此保护功能。 来自互联网

2 discourse   

n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述

参考例句：

• We'll discourse on the subject tonight.我们今晚要谈论这个问题。
• He fell into discourse with the customers who were drinking at the counter.他和站在柜台旁的酒客谈了起来。

3 detriment   

n.损害；损害物，造成损害的根源

参考例句：

• Smoking is a detriment to one's health.吸烟危害健康。
• His lack of education is a serious detriment to his career.他的未受教育对他的事业是一种严重的妨碍。

4 dilemma   

n.困境，进退两难的局面

参考例句：

• I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
• He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。

5 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

6 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

7 mentoring   

n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识，并用心支持mentee的职业（发展）。v.（无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
• Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网

8 applicants   

申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
• He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。

9 auditioning   

vi.试听（audition的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• She was auditioning for the role of Lady Macbeth. 她试演了麦克佩斯夫人的角色。
• Which part are you auditioning for? 你试音什么角色？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？