向前一步:第213期 让我们开始讨论吧(19)

 Social scientists are uncovering new examples of bias¹ all the time. 社会科学家一直在向人们揭示有关偏见的各种新案例。

In 2012, a series of studies compared men in more "modern" marriages (whose wives worked outside the home full-time) to men in more "traditional" marriages (whose wives worked at home). 2012年的一系列研究将更偏向“现代”婚姻关系中的男性（妻子是上班族）与更偏向“传统”婚姻关系中的男性（妻子是全职主妇）作了对比。

The researchers wanted to determine if a man's home arrangement affected² his professional behavior. It did. 研究者想要确认一个男性的家庭生活安排是否会影响其事业表现，结果证明的确是有影响的。

Compared to men in modern marriages, 与更加现代的婚姻关系中的男性比较，

men in more traditional marriages viewed the presence of women in the workforce³ less favorably. 传统的婚姻关系中的男性对于职场女性的存在，更有可能持不赞同的态度。

They also denied promotions⁴ to qualified⁵ female employees more often 在提拔资质够格的女性配偶时，他们否决的概率更大，

and were more likely to think that companies with a higher percentage of female employees ran less smoothly⁶. 也更倾向于认为女性员工比例较高的公司的运行会相对不够稳定。

The researchers speculated that men in traditional marriages are not overtly⁷ hostile toward women 研究者推测，传统婚姻关系中，男性对女性的这种敌意并不是公开的，

but instead are "benevolent⁸ sexists" — holding positive yet outdated⁹ views about women. 反而是一种“好心的性别歧视者”的态度。

(Another term I have heard is "nice guy misogynists¹⁰.") （我听到的另一个术语是“厌恶女性的好男人”。）

These men might even believe that women have superior strengths in certain areas like moral reasoning, 这些男人或许还相信女性在特定领域（比如道德伦理方面）更加擅长，

which makes them better equipped to raise children — and perhaps less equipped to succeed in business. 所以更适合养育下一代，而不适合去追求事业的成功。

In all likelihood, men who share this attitude are unaware¹¹ of how their conscious and unconscious beliefs hurt their female colleagues. 持有这样态度的男人极有可能意识不到他们正在有意无意地伤害着自己周围的女性。

Another bias arises from our tendency to want to work with people who are like us. 我们还有一种天生的倾向，它会导致偏见的产生，那就是我们希望和同类人一起工作。

 

1 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

2 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

3 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

4 promotions   

促进( promotion的名词复数 )； 提升； 推广； 宣传

参考例句：

• All services or promotions must have an appeal and wide application. 所有服务或促销工作都必须具有吸引力和广泛的适用性。
• He promptly directed the highest promotions and decorations for General MacArthur. 他授予麦克阿瑟将军以最高的官阶和勋奖。

5 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

6 smoothly   

adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地

参考例句：

• The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作，所以工作进展顺利。
• Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。

7 overtly   

ad.公开地

参考例句：

• There were some overtly erotic scenes in the film. 影片中有一些公开色情场面。
• Nietzsche rejected God's law and wrote some overtly blasphemous things. 尼采拒绝上帝的律法，并且写了一些渎神的作品。

8 benevolent   

adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的

参考例句：

• His benevolent nature prevented him from refusing any beggar who accosted him.他乐善好施的本性使他不会拒绝走上前向他行乞的任何一个乞丐。
• He was a benevolent old man and he wouldn't hurt a fly.他是一个仁慈的老人，连只苍蝇都不愿伤害。

9 outdated   

adj.旧式的，落伍的，过时的；v.使过时

参考例句：

• That list of addresses is outdated,many have changed.那个通讯录已经没用了，许多地址已经改了。
• Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears.我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。

10 misogynists   

n.厌恶女人的人( misogynist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

11 unaware   

a.不知道的，未意识到的

参考例句：

• They were unaware that war was near. 他们不知道战争即将爆发。
• I was unaware of the man's presence. 我没有察觉到那人在场。