新闻周刊:娜斯鲍姆专访:特朗普的恐惧厌恶策略可以被击败(1)

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President Trump¹'s Tactics of Fear And Loathing² Can Be Defeated: An Interview With Martha C. Nussbaum

特朗普总统的恐惧和厌恶策略可以被击败: 采访玛莎·C.娜斯鲍姆

BY NINA BURLEIGH

作者：妮娜·布雷

At a glamorous³ event in December at the New York Public Library in Manhattan, an international who’s who—Princess Beatrice of York, model Karlie Kloss, David Rockefeller, Wendi Deng Murdoch and Kerry Kennedy among them—gathered to honor the closest thing philosophy has to a rock star: Martha Nussbaum. The elegant source of their admiration⁴ was being celebrated⁵ at the third annual Berggruen Prize Gala; the award, which includes a $1 million endowment, is given to “thinkers whose ideas have helped us find direction, wisdom, and improved self-understanding in a world being rapidly transformed by profound social, technological⁶, political, cultural, and economic change.”

去年12月，位于曼哈顿的纽约公共图书馆举行了一场盛大的活动，国际名人齐聚一堂，约克公主碧翠丝、模特卡莉·克劳斯、大卫·洛克菲勒、邓文迪·默多克和克里·肯尼迪都在其中，此举为了赞誉最接近摇滚明星的哲学家: 玛莎·娜斯鲍姆。在第三届伯格鲁恩奖颁奖晚会上，他们的赞美之情溢于言表；该奖项包括一项100万美元的捐赠，旨在表彰“在这个被深刻的社会、技术、政治、文化和经济变革迅速改变的世界里，用头脑帮助我们找到方向和智慧的思想家”。

The 71-year-old Nussbaum, a moral philosopher and law professor at the University of Chicago, is passionately⁷ concerned with justice and how it affects the personal and political. But her interest goes beyond the theoretical; she is committed to using philosophy to improve the very vocabulary of public discourse⁸. Nussbaum has written five major books dedicated⁹ to this. The most recent, The Monarchy¹⁰ of Fear, is an engaging consideration of our current political crisis from the perspective of emotion—how anger, disgust and envy have been used, since antiquity¹¹, to divide people.

现年71岁的娜斯鲍姆是芝加哥大学的道德哲学家和法学教授，非常关注正义及其如何影响个人和政治。但她的兴趣不仅限于理论范畴；她致力于用哲学来提高公众话语的词汇量。娜斯鲍姆为此写了五本书。最近的一本书《恐惧的君主政体》从情绪的角度对我们当前的政治危机进行了深入的思考——自古以来，愤怒、厌恶和嫉妒是如何被用来分裂民族的。

Nussbaum disproves the dig on modern academics—that they live above the political fray¹², in ivory towers—perhaps because she takes her cues from the OGs of philosophy. “The great thinkers of the ancient tradition were not detached from political issues,” she says. “Seneca was regent of the Roman Emperor Nero, and he was trying to curb¹³ him from doing terrible things. There was no escaping political reality.”

娜斯鲍姆驳斥了对现代学术界的挖苦——他们生活在象牙塔的政治纷争之上——也许是因为她从哲学中得到了启示。她说:“古代传统的伟大思想家并没有脱离政治问题。”“塞内加是罗马皇帝尼禄的摄政者，他试图阻止尼禄做可怕的事情。政治现实无处可逃。”

Fear has dominated political conversation in the U.S. for a lot longer than Donald Trump has been president. But the noise of it has grown deafening¹⁴ and debilitating¹⁵ in the past two years. Though Nussbaum is certainly adept¹⁶ at putting fear in context, as well as articulating how it is used for political strategy and to justify¹⁷ rage, she—and we—are equally interested in how to move beyond it. With hate crimes on the rise and talk of impeachment¹⁸ everywhere, there is perhaps no more pressing concern. Below, a conversation on how to “purify” anger and find hope in the Trump era.

恐惧在美国政治对话中占据主导地位的时间比唐纳德·特朗普当总统的时间长得多。但是在过去的两年里，恐惧之声变得震耳欲聋，令人衰弱。尽管娜斯鲍姆肯定善于将恐惧置于情境之中，并清楚地说明它是如何被用于政治策略和为愤怒辩护的，但她和我们一样想着如何超越恐惧。仇恨犯罪不断上升，到处都在谈论弹劾，在这样的情况下，或许没有什么更紧迫的问题了。下面是一个关于如何在特朗普时代“净化”愤怒、找到希望的对话。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 loathing   

n.厌恶，憎恨v.憎恨，厌恶( loathe的现在分词)；极不喜欢

参考例句：

• She looked at her attacker with fear and loathing . 她盯着襲擊她的歹徒，既害怕又憎恨。
• They looked upon the creature with a loathing undisguised. 他们流露出明显的厌恶看那动物。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

3 glamorous   

adj.富有魅力的；美丽动人的；令人向往的

参考例句：

• The south coast is less glamorous but full of clean and attractive hotels.南海岸魅力稍逊，但却有很多干净漂亮的宾馆。
• It is hard work and not a glamorous job as portrayed by the media.这是份苦差，并非像媒体描绘的那般令人向往。

4 admiration   

n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕

参考例句：

• He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
• We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。

5 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

6 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

7 passionately   

ad.热烈地，激烈地

参考例句：

• She could hate as passionately as she could love. 她能恨得咬牙切齿，也能爱得一往情深。
• He was passionately addicted to pop music. 他酷爱流行音乐。

8 discourse   

n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述

参考例句：

• We'll discourse on the subject tonight.我们今晚要谈论这个问题。
• He fell into discourse with the customers who were drinking at the counter.他和站在柜台旁的酒客谈了起来。

9 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

10 monarchy   

n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国

参考例句：

• The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
• The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。

11 antiquity   

n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹

参考例句：

• The museum contains the remains of Chinese antiquity.博物馆藏有中国古代的遗物。
• There are many legends about the heroes of antiquity.有许多关于古代英雄的传说。

12 fray   

v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗

参考例句：

• Why should you get involved in their fray?你为什么要介入他们的争吵呢？
• Tempers began to fray in the hot weather.大热天脾气烦燥。

13 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

14 deafening   

adj. 振耳欲聋的, 极喧闹的 动词deafen的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• The noise of the siren was deafening her. 汽笛声震得她耳朵都快聋了。
• The noise of the machine was deafening. 机器的轰鸣声震耳欲聋。

15 debilitating   

a.使衰弱的

参考例句：

• The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病，使他弱到没有办法工作。
• You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。

16 adept   

adj.老练的，精通的

参考例句：

• When it comes to photography,I'm not an adept.要说照相，我不是内行。
• He was highly adept at avoiding trouble.他十分善于避开麻烦。

17 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

18 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。