英国卫报:群众的力量(9)

The explosion of CCTV is just one way the 21st-century city hampers¹ the freedom of the crowd.

监控数量的暴涨是这个21世纪城市阻碍群众自由的一种方式。

Urban regeneration programmes are designed to channel us efficiently² towards work and the shops – spaces built for Homo economicus,

城市再生计划是为了有效地引导我们走向工作和商店——为“理性经济人”建造的空间，

human beings interacting transactionally, rather as social citizens.

人类进行交易互动，而不是作为社会公民互动。

What look like potential meeting grounds for crowds in the modern British city are often mirages³:

在现代英国城市中，看起来可能成为人群集会场所的地方往往是幻想：

regeneration zones such as Spinningfields in Manchester, Liverpool One and More London have replaced genuine public spaces with privately⁴ owned public spaces.

再生区，比如曼彻斯特的旋转场，利物浦购物中心和最伦敦区已经用私人拥有的公共空间取代了真正的公共空间。

These are patrolled by security guards and underwritten by private rules and regulations,

这些地方有保安巡逻，并有私人规章制度保障，

whereby the owners are perfectly⁵ entitled to ban gatherings⁶ and political protests, and move along whoever they like, whenever they like.

因此，业主完全有权利禁止集会和政治抗议，并在他们喜欢的任何时候、任何时候随行。

In 2011, when Occupy London attempted to set up camp in Paternoster Square, outside the London Stock Exchange,

2011年，当“占领伦敦”运动试图在伦敦证券交易所外的特诺斯特广场扎营时，

they were blocked by police barricades⁷, enforcing an emergency high court injunction that established that the land was indeed private property.

他们被警察设置的路障封锁，强制执行高等法院的紧急禁令，确认这片土地确实是私人财产。

This was odd, the Observer's architecture critic Rowan Moore wrote at the time, "as almost every architectural statement, planning application,

这很奇怪，《观察家报》的建筑评论家罗文·摩尔当时写道：“在帕特诺斯特广场的长期重建中，几乎每一个建筑陈述、规划申请，

and press release, in the protracted⁸ redevelopment of Paternoster Square, described this ‘private land' as ‘public space'."

新闻稿件中，都将这片“私人土地”描述为“公共空间”。

If the average British city has undergone huge transformations⁹ since the Criminal Justice Act, then so have the people in it.

如果自从《刑事司法公诉令》颁布后，一般的英国城市都经历了巨大的转变。那里面的人也一样。

Crowd behaviour in the 21st century has been conditioned by the new devices at our fingertips as much as the changing ground beneath our feet, or the laws that govern their movement.

21世纪的人群行为受到我们指尖的新设备的影响，就像我们脚下不断变化的土地或控制它们移动的法则一样。

In his prescient 2002 book Smart Mobs, the critic Harold Rheingold identified new types of crowds that were able to act in concert even before they had met.

评论家哈罗德·莱茵戈尔德在他2002年出版的有先见之明的《聪明的暴民》一书中，指出了一种新型人群，他们甚至在见面之前就能联合起来。

He predicted a "social tsunami¹⁰" to come from the next wave of mobile telecoms,

罗德预测，在下一波移动电信浪潮出现时，“社会海啸”就会出现，

pointing to the mass SMS chains in Manila that were used to coordinate¹¹ the protests that overthrew¹² the Philippine president Joseph Estrada in 2001.

他指的是马尼拉的大量短信链，这些短信被用来配合2001年推翻菲律宾总统埃斯特拉达的抗议活动。

1 hampers   

妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Prejudice sometimes hampers a person from doing the right thing. 有时候，偏见会妨碍人正确行事。
• This behavior is the opposite of modeless feedback, and it hampers flow. 这个行为有悖于非模态的反馈，它阻碍了流。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

2 efficiently   

adv.高效率地，有能力地

参考例句：

• The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
• Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。

3 mirages   

n.海市蜃楼，幻景( mirage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Through my half-closed eyelids I began to see mirages. 透过我半睁半闭的双眼，我看到了海市蜃楼。 来自辞典例句
• There was for him only one trustworthy road through deceptions and mirages. 对他来说只有一条可靠的路能避开幻想和错觉。 来自辞典例句

4 privately   

adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地

参考例句：

• Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
• The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。

5 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

6 gatherings   

聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集

参考例句：

• His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment. 他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。
• During one of these gatherings a pupil caught stealing. 有一次，其中一名弟子偷窃被抓住。

7 barricades   

路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The police stormed the barricades the demonstrators had put up. 警察冲破了示威者筑起的街垒。
• Others died young, in prison or on the barricades. 另一些人年轻时就死在监牢里或街垒旁。

8 protracted   

adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The war was protracted for four years. 战争拖延了四年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We won victory through protracted struggle. 经过长期的斗争，我们取得了胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 transformations   

n.变化( transformation的名词复数 )；转换；转换；变换

参考例句：

• Energy transformations go on constantly, all about us. 在我们周围，能量始终在不停地转换着。 来自辞典例句
• On the average, such transformations balance out. 平均起来，这种转化可以互相抵消。 来自辞典例句

10 tsunami   

n.海啸

参考例句：

• Powerful quake sparks tsunami warning in Japan.大地震触发了日本的海啸预警。
• Coastlines all around the Indian Ocean inundated by a huge tsunami.大海啸把印度洋沿岸地区都淹没了。

11 coordinate   

adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调

参考例句：

• You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
• Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

12 overthrew   

overthrow的过去式

参考例句：

• The people finally rose up and overthrew the reactionary regime. 人们终于起来把反动的政权推翻了。
• They overthrew their King. 他们推翻了国王。