英国新闻听力 话题探讨：器官捐赠无对错

Listening to the debate on organ transplants yesterday, reminded me of a friend who is currently waiting for a donor¹ kidney and the enormous impact his current health is having on his family.

昨天关于器官移植的讨论让我想起了一个正在等待肾捐赠的朋友，不禁想到他的健康状况对他家人的影响。

It's sad to see how quickly a person's health can decline in this situation, so scientific progress is always welcome.

当一个人的健康处于需要器官移植的状态，看到他/她的健康逐渐衰败是很让人心痛的一件事，于是科学的进步是喜闻乐见的。

The news that researchers have injected human stem cells into pig embryos², hoping ultimately to create a pancreas made completely from human cells, has been met with some caution.

有消息称，研究人员已将人类干细胞植入猪胚胎中，希望能够从中获得人类胰腺。也有一些人对这一尝试作出警告。

But if this experiment leads to a successful transplant, it could mean developing other human organs.

但如果这一实验能够实现成功的移植，那就意味着可以获得其他的人类器官。

Some critics are concerned that such practices might create organ farms and increase animal suffering.

一些批评人士担心，这样的举动会引发人类创建器官农场，让动物苦不堪言。

And for them the remedy should be that we get more people to donate organs rather than use animals.

于是他们的解决方案是，让更多的人捐献器官，而非从动物获取器官。

Prolonging human life and also the quality of human life lies at the heart of organ donation and transplant.

延长人类的寿命以及生命的质量是器官捐献和器官移植的核心目的。

This is a controversial debate in the Islamic world with many who encourage organ transplants seeing it as a medical rather than religious issue.

关于这个话题，伊斯兰世界有不同的呼声，有的鼓励器官移植，认为这是医学问题，无关宗教。

When religion is brought into the debate, the theological obstacles there are to Muslims donating their organs in life or death are replaced by the inherent goodness in saving a life.

如果要将宗教因素考虑在内，则对穆斯林人来说，捐献器官就是解救生命。

The frequently quoted Qur'anic verse is "If anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people."

可兰经里引用度最高的一段诗是，"如果有人解救了一个生命，就是在解救全人类。"

And for many, this verse cuts through other moral complexities³, encouraging them to carry donor cards and be willing to give as well as receive.

对很多人来说，这段话也涉及到其他道德问题，不仅鼓励他们捐赠器官，也让他们愿意接受他人的器官。

But in matters of human life and death, decisions are never simply right or wrong.

但人的生死永远没有对错那么简单。

For those who oppose donation, a common answer is that the human body even in death is not something to be plundered⁴ to aid scientific aspirations⁵ and that more importantly we cannot give away what we don't own in the first place.

反对器官捐赠的人的通常看法是，人的身体（即使死亡）也不可以为了科学目的而随意掠夺，更重要的是，我们不能捐赠本来就不属于我们的东西。

We belong to God is a simple but powerful phrase for many.

我们属于上帝这个信条对很多人来说虽简单，却有力。

It is God who creates life and it is God who takes life.

上帝才是创造和毁灭生命的主宰。

Life is his gift.

生命是上帝的馈赠。

They see the drive for organ transplants in post enlightenment bioethics as seductive but arrogant⁶ in its aim to transcend⁷ mortality.

他们认为，启蒙运动后的生物伦理学鼓动人们移植器官，虽然诱人，但从它试图超越死亡的目的来说，却是傲慢自大的。

For many, death isn't simply the biological demise⁸ of our physical body.

对很多人来说，死亡不只是肉体消亡那么简单。

A few years ago, one of my cousins donated his kidney to his mother who had been on dialysis for a while.

几年前，我的一个表兄捐肾给自己已经透析了一阵子的母亲。

No one asked him for any religious explanation - we instinctively⁹ felt that what he was doing was right, an act of generosity¹⁰ for someone he loved.

没有人问过他是不是出于什么宗教的原因--我们只是直觉上认为他做的是对的，是为了他爱的人所做的慷慨举动。

Bet in this month of Ramadan, a month of both self-denial and charity, it's important to rethink what giving means - giving to those we love and to complete strangers, the many ways in which we can help others and if given the chance, indeed save others.

而这个月就是斋月，一个克己和施善的时节，重新思考施予的含义很重要--施予不仅是给那些我们爱的人，也可以伸向完全的陌生人。有很多可以帮助到其他人，甚至是拯救其他人的方法。

1 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

2 embryos   

n.晶胚；胚，胚胎( embryo的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Somatic cells of angiosperms enter a regenerative phase and behave like embryos. 被子植物体细胞进入一个生殖阶段，而且其行为象胚。 来自辞典例句
• Evolution can explain why human embryos look like gilled fishes. 进化论能够解释为什么人类的胚胎看起来象除去了内脏的鱼一样。 来自辞典例句

3 complexities   

复杂性(complexity的名词复数)； 复杂的事物

参考例句：

• The complexities of life bothered him. 生活的复杂使他困惑。
• The complexities of life bothered me. 生活的杂乱事儿使我心烦。

4 plundered   

掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Many of our cultural treasures have been plundered by imperialists. 我国许多珍贵文物被帝国主义掠走了。
• The imperialists plundered many valuable works of art. 帝国主义列强掠夺了许多珍贵的艺术品。

5 aspirations   

强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音

参考例句：

• I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
• The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。

6 arrogant   

adj.傲慢的，自大的

参考例句：

• You've got to get rid of your arrogant ways.你这骄傲劲儿得好好改改。
• People are waking up that he is arrogant.人们开始认识到他很傲慢。

7 transcend   

vt.超出，超越(理性等)的范围

参考例句：

• We can't transcend the limitations of the ego.我们无法超越自我的局限性。
• Everyone knows that the speed of airplanes transcend that of ships.人人都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。

8 demise   

n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让

参考例句：

• He praised the union's aims but predicted its early demise.他赞扬协会的目标，但预期这一协会很快会消亡。
• The war brought about the industry's sudden demise.战争道致这个行业就这么突然垮了。

9 instinctively   

adv.本能地

参考例句：

• As he leaned towards her she instinctively recoiled. 他向她靠近，她本能地往后缩。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He knew instinctively where he would find her. 他本能地知道在哪儿能找到她。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 generosity   

n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为

参考例句：

• We should match their generosity with our own.我们应该像他们一样慷慨大方。
• We adore them for their generosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨。