英语音频杂志：恶习、投资和七宗罪

 　　Vice¹, Investment, and the Seven Deadly Sins

　　by Craig Duncan

　　March 2005: it’s official – vice pays. And it’s not even illegal.

　　This month the Financial Times examined the spectacular growth of The Vice Fund, a Texas-based investment company which encourages its members to invest in the certainty of a vice-ridden future. The Vice Fund restricts its investments to four areas: alcohol, tobacco, gambling² and war. The company’s prospectus³ boasts that its investments are “nearly recession-proof,” on the basis that no matter what the economic climate, the people of the world will continue to drink, smoke, gamble and kill each other. With a growth rate of 20% in the last year alone, The Vice Fund offers us the chance to personally profit from the fairly inevitable⁴ future shortcomings of humanity.

　　Have our vices⁵ ceased to be something bad, and instead have become just another market commodity? What exactly is a vice, anyway?

　　The Western conception of a vice (from the Latin vitium, meaning a defect or imperfection) implies some sort of shortcoming or moral weakness on the part of its practitioner⁶. While we may refer to a particular type of activity as being a vice, what we are really condemning⁸ is not just the action itself, but also the moral weakness that led to it. Our understanding of vices has long been tied to the 6th century Christian⁹ concept of the “seven deadly sins”: pride, greed, envy, anger, lust¹⁰, gluttony and sloth¹¹. Since most people at some point feel proud, jealous, angry, horny, lazy, or greedy for material possessions or for food, we might say that the “seven deadly sins” represent traits in human nature that cannot realistically be eradicated¹². At the same time though, they are also traits which need to be controlled to some degree if a society is to be able to function properly. The practical purpose of the “seven deadly sins”, then, has not been eradication¹³ but moderation: they have served to remind people not to be too greedy, too jealous, too lazy, et cetera. Excessive repetition of one such sin would constitute a vice.

　　In an increasingly secular¹⁴, increasingly multicultural¹⁵ society one might well ask: is this 1500-year-old Christian definition of wrongdoing still relevant? In February the BBC commissioned an opinion poll to answer this question. They asked the British public which of the “seven deadly sins” they still considered to be particularly bad, and invited them to create a new list of the deadliest modern sins. The results arguably showed a major change in the moral basis of our society. The only one of the original seven sins that made the new list was greed – the others were replaced by six new sins: cruelty, adultery, bigotry¹⁶, dishonesty, hypocrisy¹⁷ and selfishness. Cruelty was voted to be the worst sin of all. According to the BBC’s Ross Kelly, traditional concepts of sin are much less important to us today than the simple question of whether or not our actions harm anyone else. “For instance,” he says, “we're less bothered about anger than we are about cruelty; and while many of us actually enjoy lust, we still frown on adultery."

　　So, our moral priorities today appear to be more humanist than spiritual: we see the deadliest sins as being those whose results can most palpably harm another person. Presumably this means that we can indulge in whatever vices we wish, as long as we do not harm anyone else. But what are we to think of The Vice Fund, and the idea of actively¹⁸ seeking to profit from the vices of others? Judging it in terms of the newly updated seven deadly sins, one might argue that The Vice Fund’s aims are cruel, but then, the same accusation¹⁹ could be levelled at a great deal of modern business. Given the Fund’s openness about its aims, it could hardly be described as hypocritical. And it’s not really any more greedy or selfish than any other speculative²⁰ investment.

　　The Financial Times was ultimately rather critical of The Vice Fund, but not from a moral standpoint. It warned us: “There are… fundamental problems with negative screening of stocks on ethical²¹ grounds - good or evil. This approach is subjective²² [and] divorced from established investment wisdom.” In other words, bringing any moral considerations into an investment decision is simply bad business sense.

　　The Vice Fund is rare among modern investment funds in that it is open about its aims. This is perhaps the only reason it provokes the question of whether or not we are morally responsible for the effects of our investments. Most investment funds today allow us the luxury of not having to contemplate²³ what our money is being used for. Accordingly this writer is not prepared to condemn⁷ The Vice Fund, but will instead applaud it for its honesty and openness in a field where such qualities are largely unknown.

1 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

2 gambling   

n.赌博；投机

参考例句：

• They have won a lot of money through gambling.他们赌博赢了很多钱。
• The men have been gambling away all night.那些人赌了整整一夜。

3 prospectus   

n.计划书；说明书；慕股书

参考例句：

• An order form was included with the prospectus.订单附在说明书上。
• The prospectus is the most important instrument of legal document.招股说明书是上市公司信息披露制度最重要法律文件。

4 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

5 vices   

缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳

参考例句：

• In spite of his vices, he was loved by all. 尽管他有缺点，还是受到大家的爱戴。
• He vituperated from the pulpit the vices of the court. 他在教堂的讲坛上责骂宫廷的罪恶。

6 practitioner   

n.实践者，从事者；(医生或律师等)开业者

参考例句：

• He is an unqualified practitioner of law.他是个无资格的律师。
• She was a medical practitioner before she entered politics.从政前她是个开业医生。

7 condemn   

vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑

参考例句：

• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
• We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。

8 condemning   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
• I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

10 lust   

n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望

参考例句：

• He was filled with lust for power.他内心充满了对权力的渴望。
• Sensing the explorer's lust for gold, the chief wisely presented gold ornaments as gifts.酋长觉察出探险者们垂涎黄金的欲念，就聪明地把金饰品作为礼物赠送给他们。

11 sloth   

n.[动]树懒；懒惰，懒散

参考例句：

• Absence of competition makes for sloth.没有竞争会导致懒惰。
• The sloth spends most of its time hanging upside down from the branches.大部分时间里树懒都是倒挂在树枝上。

12 eradicated   

画着根的

参考例句：

• Polio has been virtually eradicated in Brazil. 在巴西脊髓灰质炎实际上已经根除。
• The disease has been eradicated from the world. 这种疾病已在全世界得到根除。

13 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

14 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

15 multicultural   

adj.融合多种文化的，多种文化的

参考例句：

• Children growing up in a multicultural society.在多元文化社会中长大的孩子们。
• The school has been attempting to bring a multicultural perspective to its curriculum.这所学校已经在尝试将一种多元文化视角引入其课程。

16 bigotry   

n.偏见，偏执，持偏见的行为[态度]等

参考例句：

• She tried to dissociate herself from the bigotry in her past.她力图使自己摆脱她以前的偏见。
• At least we can proceed in this matter without bigotry.目前这件事咱们至少可以毫无偏见地进行下去。

17 hypocrisy   

n.伪善，虚伪

参考例句：

• He railed against hypocrisy and greed.他痛斥伪善和贪婪的行为。
• He accused newspapers of hypocrisy in their treatment of the story.他指责了报纸在报道该新闻时的虚伪。

18 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

19 accusation   

n.控告，指责，谴责

参考例句：

• I was furious at his making such an accusation.我对他的这种责备非常气愤。
• She knew that no one would believe her accusation.她知道没人会相信她的指控。

20 speculative   

adj.思索性的，暝想性的，推理的

参考例句：

• Much of our information is speculative.我们的许多信息是带推测性的。
• The report is highly speculative and should be ignored.那个报道推测的成分很大，不应理会。

21 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

22 subjective   

a.主观(上)的，个人的

参考例句：

• The way they interpreted their past was highly subjective. 他们解释其过去的方式太主观。
• A literary critic should not be too subjective in his approach. 文学评论家的看法不应太主观。

23 contemplate   

vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视

参考例句：

• The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.战争的可能性太可怕了，真不堪细想。
• The consequences would be too ghastly to contemplate.后果不堪设想。