英语词汇实用小百科 建筑的名称

Xiaohua: Hello and welcome to Roundtable’s Word of the Week. Now, this week we are talking about villa¹ or in Chinese the word is “别墅”. But, Mark, when Chinese people talk about “别墅”, they actually are just talking about any kind of detached housing, but is it different from a villa?

Mark: Well, from my own perspective, we think of villa as being something that is almost exclusively Spanish or Italian. We think of it as a rather elegant, usually white colored, plastered house, perhaps near the sea with a beautiful view of hills and mountains. So it does have connotations of luxury to British people. For us this is a very European, continental² word.

Xiaohua: I see. 所以在英国人的眼中，villa这个词是和那种西班牙式的豪华别墅联系在一起的。Let’s take this opportunity to talk about different kinds of houses. One that comes to my mind is the Tudor-style houses.

Mark: Is this a house with the door at the front, and a door at the back? TWO DOOR?

Xiaohua: Oh, no!T-u-d-o-r... It’s how we pronounce it. I mean you may find in American English, they say ['tju:d?r], but TWO DOOR is too far away from the pronunciation...not confuse it with a house with two doors. Tudor dates from the time from the Henry VIII, and so forth³ people have been watching Wolf Hall and Tudors, and all those things. And this is the style. There are very few Tudor buildings left, one of them is to the southwest of London and it’s called hunting Court, and it’s King Henry VIII’s home. But when people build a house now, in that kind of style, it’s called mock Tudor - mock is another word that means fake. But it doesn’t have a negative connotation in architectural terms.

Xiaohua: Of course. Tudor style就是仿都铎王朝式的别墅。Now for my understanding, a lot of them use dark red bricks, right? It gives us outlook of Solomon feel, also there are like steeply pitched roofs.

Mark: Yes, that’s right. And it’s interesting because when it comes to people’s own homes, and again I’m talking about in the UK, they think that red brick is rather high-end and quite attractive. And yet conversely, if you are talking about universities, if you say somebody went to a red brick university, that’s actually an insult. That means they didn’t go to one of the really old universities like Cambridge or Oxford⁴ or Durham. These places have got hundreds of years old and were built of stones. But a red brick university education is considered to be slightly inferior university education.

Xiaohua: Interesting. 所以红砖虽然感觉上是很高贵典雅，很古老的感觉，但是如果有人说你上了一所红砖大学，那就是说你上的并不是一所一流的学府。OK, let’s talk about the Victorian houses. I think you know more than me in this, Mark.

Mark: Yeah, Victorian, this refers to the reign⁵ of Queen Victoria. It refers to that period of history mainly 19th Century from about 1860 to 1900. Many many British people live in Victorian housing, which is well over 100 years old. That just proves how well they built it. You tend to find they have high ceilings, also very spacious⁶ rooms, and it might have some wooden beams in the ceiling as well, which are all seen as very desirable features these days.

Xiaohua: 那维多利亚式的建筑就是在英国维多利亚时期，也就是大概是1837年到1900年初这样的建筑风格。通常是非常宽敞，并且还有凸于墙体之外的窗户。

Mark: I mean the other one that’s kind of linked on to Victorian houses is Colonial-style homes. If we look it in terms of the actual word, it means something you would find in some sort of colony. This is a word that is used to describe, for example, the French colonial style you’ll find in some spots in Vietnam. You’ll find British colonial style in some parts of world as well - it’s where the Empires went. Now the thing is what is the Colonial style? Well, here I have to quote an English judge who, when he was presiding over a pornography trial , he said “if you ask me to define pornography, I couldn’t do it, but I know it when I see it”. I think it is the same as colonial architecture style. Personally, I know it when I see it, but it is a bit hard to explain what it is.

Xiaohua: That’s right. Colonial-Style home，殖民地式的建筑，应该指的是英国和其他的西方老牌列强在其殖民地所建造的房屋样式。

Mark: If you go to South and Central America, you’ll see Spanish colonial style as well. The other one, interesting one, you will spot if you go to France is called the Pigeonaire style. If you look at some larger French houses, you see things like witches’ hats. Think of Harry⁷ Potter - the Dumbledore hat in Harry Potter. They have these things on the ends of some of their buildings in France, very, very tall, very pointy narrow black conical decorative⁸ cones⁹. These are called pigeonaires. This comes from the word “pigeon”, which is a type of bird. It’s because they look like the homes where pigeons might live.

Xiaohua: I see. Pigeonaire指的是这种又高又尖的锥形屋顶，经常在法国见到。

1 villa   

n.别墅，城郊小屋

参考例句：

• We rented a villa in France for the summer holidays.我们在法国租了一幢别墅消夏。
• We are quartered in a beautiful villa.我们住在一栋漂亮的别墅里。

2 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

3 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

4 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

5 reign   

n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势

参考例句：

• The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
• The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。

6 spacious   

adj.广阔的，宽敞的

参考例句：

• Our yard is spacious enough for a swimming pool.我们的院子很宽敞，足够建一座游泳池。
• The room is bright and spacious.这房间很豁亮。

7 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

8 decorative   

adj.装饰的，可作装饰的

参考例句：

• This ware is suitable for decorative purpose but unsuitable for utility.这种器皿中看不中用。
• The style is ornate and highly decorative.这种风格很华丽，而且装饰效果很好。

9 cones   

n.（人眼）圆锥细胞；圆锥体( cone的名词复数 )；球果；圆锥形东西；（盛冰淇淋的）锥形蛋卷筒

参考例句：

• In the pines squirrels commonly chew off and drop entire cones. 松树上的松鼠通常咬掉和弄落整个球果。 来自辞典例句
• Many children would rather eat ice cream from cones than from dishes. 许多小孩喜欢吃蛋卷冰淇淋胜过盘装冰淇淋。 来自辞典例句