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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
The Significance of Chinese Paintings
A:It`s interesting that Chinese paintings can be created on the spot, even though most of them have similar subjects. Peony, plum blossoms, mountains, creeks1 or cottages are very popular. There are often painters at significant celebratory and commemorative events.
B:Their educational function is, in fact, a unique feature of Chinese painting. Human profiles were used as a method to either glorify2 heroes or condemn3 traitors4 2,000 years ago. Tang Dynasty officials even tried to bring painting into Confuction ideology5. The Court of the Song Dynasty published an official guide to paintings. This raised criteria6 not only for human profiles but also for landscape and object paintings.
A:Oh, what was that?
B:It classified paintings into ten categories covering religious beliefs, Confucianism and state power. This classfication gave an official definition of the value and significance of the paintings. The purpose of landscape paintings was to portray7 the five mountains, while fruit and birds were used to exemplify or eulogize the Gods. In this case, the subjects were used as references to people in order to deliver moral messages. For example, peony and peacocks represented wealth and fortune; pine trees, bamboo, plum blossoms and orchids8 represented elegance9 and accomplishment10; and pine trees and cypresses11 symbolized13 loyalty14.
A:As far as I know, painters who did not have to make a living by painting used diffferent skills to those specified15 in the guide, even though they painted the same subjects.
B:Artists are usually against pragmatism. They like to give meaning to the subjects they paint. Bamboo symbolizes16 integrity and pine trees symbolize12 never giving up. Artists also like landscapes. It doesn`t take a lot of training to paint landscapes. It all depends on the painter`s personality and ability, as well as his unique touch. Most of today`s non-professional painters follow the landscape style. The objective of these painters is purely17 entertainment and self-satisfaction. The more successful artists have the opportunity to exhibit at public functions. That is probably the climax18 of their painting careers.
A:What are professional painters doing?
B:Some of them make a great effort to improve their painting skills. They want to develop new and innovative19 painting methods by borrowing from other genres20. Others are busy making money. They have found ways to produre commercially attractive paintings. Some people say they are no longer artists. Instead they have become manufacturers of paintings.
1 creeks | |
n.小湾( creek的名词复数 );小港;小河;小溪 | |
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2 glorify | |
vt.颂扬,赞美,使增光,美化 | |
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3 condemn | |
vt.谴责,指责;宣判(罪犯),判刑 | |
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4 traitors | |
卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 ); 叛徒; 背叛者; 背信弃义的人 | |
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5 ideology | |
n.意识形态,(政治或社会的)思想意识 | |
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6 criteria | |
n.标准 | |
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7 portray | |
v.描写,描述;画(人物、景象等) | |
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8 orchids | |
n.兰花( orchid的名词复数 ) | |
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9 elegance | |
n.优雅;优美,雅致;精致,巧妙 | |
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10 accomplishment | |
n.完成,成就,(pl.)造诣,技能 | |
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11 cypresses | |
n.柏属植物,柏树( cypress的名词复数 ) | |
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12 symbolize | |
vt.作为...的象征,用符号代表 | |
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13 symbolized | |
v.象征,作为…的象征( symbolize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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14 loyalty | |
n.忠诚,忠心 | |
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15 specified | |
adj.特定的 | |
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16 symbolizes | |
v.象征,作为…的象征( symbolize的第三人称单数 ) | |
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17 purely | |
adv.纯粹地,完全地 | |
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18 climax | |
n.顶点;高潮;v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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19 innovative | |
adj.革新的,新颖的,富有革新精神的 | |
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20 genres | |
(文学、艺术等的)类型,体裁,风格( genre的名词复数 ) | |
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