英语听力精选进阶版 7161

Background: 背景：在2010世界杯比赛中，英格兰的一粒有效进球却被裁判误吹无效；而阿根廷在越位情况下对墨西哥的一粒进球，却被判有效。绿茵场上，裁判频频出现错误。为什么足球场上不引进现代电子技术来改变裁判的误判呢？这成为一大争议。

And yes, with the hindsight of video replays it was in. Frank Lampard, the England midfielder, chipped the keeper, the ball hit the underside of the crossbar, bounced over the goal-line and back out.

It all happened quickly and in a matter of split seconds, neither the referee¹ nor his assistant had seen it and the game went on. So why not introduce technology which eliminates such mistakes by referees²?

Well, the reasons for football's resistance are ideological³ and practical. Sepp Blatter, who's the president of the world football governing body, FIFA, says the organisation⁴ hasn't as yet come upon a foolproof system. Trials of the 3-D Hawk-Eye was found to be 95, and not 100 percent, accurate. Another system which uses a computer chip in the ball is too expensive as it requires the entire pitch to be wired.

Mr Blatter also said that the way the game is played and the technology available should be the same from grassroots to the top level. There is also the flow of the game to consider, which opponents fear would be spoiled by interruptions to solve disputes.

Then there's the slippery-slope argument – if instant technology is used to settle goals today, then why not for fouls⁵ tomorrow? But the final and perhaps most compelling reason for resisting technology and keeping referees fallible, is that despite the heartbreaks it keeps everyone talking.

Glossary⁶ 词汇表

hindsight 事后确认 

midfielder 中场球员 

chipped the keeper 吊射守门员 

crossbar 球门横杆 

split seconds 瞬间 

eliminates 减少、消除 

come upon 找到、碰到 

foolproof system 错误防范系统 

Hawk-Eye 鹰眼（电子裁判系统） 

computer chip 电子芯片 

wired 用线路接通 

grassroots 基层、底层 

slippery-slope argument 滑坡辩证法 

fallible 容易犯错的

Questions and Answers

True or false? In the report, Frank Lampard's goal wasn't seen by the referee and his assistant. 

True. The goal happened too quickly and wasn't seen by either the referee or his assistant.

In the report, has FIFA found an electronic foolproof system to use for football matches? 

The president of FIFA says they haven't come upon a foolproof system.

True or false? Trials of the 3-D Hawk-Eye system proved to be 100% accurate. 

False. Trials found that 3-D Hawk-Eye system was only 95% accurate.

What do opponents fear if an electronic foolproof system is used during a football match? 

They fear the match will be spoiled by interruptions.

1 referee   

n.裁判员．仲裁人，代表人，鉴定人

参考例句：

• The team was left raging at the referee's decision.队员们对裁判员的裁决感到非常气愤。
• The referee blew a whistle at the end of the game.裁判在比赛结束时吹响了哨子。

2 referees   

n.裁判员( referee的名词复数 )；证明人；公断人；（专业性强的文章的）审阅人

参考例句：

• The fiery player has had numerous run-ins with referees. 这位脾气暴躁的队员曾和裁判员发生过无数次争吵。
• If you want to appeal, the Court of Referees will decide. 如果你要上诉，可以由仲裁法庭去判决。 来自辞典例句

3 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

4 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

5 fouls   

n.煤层尖灭；恶劣的( foul的名词复数 )；邪恶的；难闻的；下流的v.使污秽( foul的第三人称单数 )；弄脏；击球出界；（通常用废物）弄脏

参考例句：

• The player was sent off the field because of fouls. 这名运动员因屡屡犯规而被罚下场。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Jones was ordered off in the second half after repeated fouls. 由于屡次犯规，琼斯在下半场中被责令退出比赛。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 glossary   

n.注释词表；术语汇编

参考例句：

• The text is supplemented by an adequate glossary.正文附有一个详细的词汇表。
• For convenience,we have also provided a glossary in an appendix.为了方便，我们在附录中也提供了术语表。