英语听力精选进阶版 7474

New research suggests the risk of an HIV-positive person transmitting the disease to an uninfected partner can be reduced drastically if they are given early treatment with anti-retroviral drugs. A large-scale trial of couples across four continents gave a reduction of 96% in cross infections. Professor Ian Sanne is a chief researcher in the trials from the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa.

最新研究发现，如果及早接受抗逆转录药物治疗，HIV检测阳性病人将疾病传播给伴侣的风险会大大降低。在四个大洲对情侣进行的大规模试验表明交叉感染的风险会降低96%。南非金山大学(Witwatersrand University)内科部的Ian Sanne教授是这些试验的主要研究人员。

"This, a 96% result, is quite remarkable¹. Because of the very convincing result, we now need to look at how this result will impact on the international treatment guidelines, and we need to work out how the package of prevention care can be best adopted for different populations."

“风险降低96%是非常显著的结果。由于结果非常令人信服，现在我们需要看一下这项研究结果会对国际治疗指导方针产生什么样的影响，我们需要制定出针对不同的人群应该怎样进行预防。”

A court in Germany has ordered the release of 91-year-old John Demjanjuk, despite finding him guilty of helping³ to murder more than 28,000 Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland. The court in Munich sentenced him to five years in prison, but issued the release order on grounds of his age and pending⁴ an appeal. The main German prosecutor⁵ Hans-Joachim Lutz said Mr Demjanjuk's personal guilt² was proven.

德国法庭下令释放91岁高龄的John Demjanjuk，尽管他曾经在纳粹占领的波兰帮助杀害了28,000多名犹太人。慕尼黑法庭判处他五年的监禁，但是由于John Demjanjuk年事已高而且低头认罪，法庭下令将其释放。主要的德国检控官Hans-Joachim Lutz表示，Demjanjuk的罪行已经得到证实。

"Nearly 70 years after the crime, we have been able to prove the guilt of the accused. The accused was a victim of German aggression⁶ as shown by the trial, but he later became a criminal of his own will. He could have withdrawn⁷ from his job in the concentration camp in Sobibor, but he didn't do this."

“这项罪行犯了接近70年之后，我们终于得以证明了被告的罪行。被告最初是德国入侵的受害者，但是随后成为自己意志的罪犯。他完全可以辞去索比堡集中营的工作，但是他没有这样做。”

Descendants of the founder⁸ of the giant French vehicle maker⁹ Renault are seeking compensation for the nationalisation of the company in 1945 after their grandfather was accused of collaborating¹⁰ with the Nazis¹¹ during the Second World War. Seven grandchildren of Louis Renault argued that no other company similarly placed under German control was nationalised without compensation.

法国汽车巨头雷诺汽车公司创始人的后代因1945年公司的国有化索赔。当时，他们的祖父被指控二战期间与纳粹分子相勾结。路易斯·雷(Louis Renault)的七个孙子辩称，其他被德国控制而国有化的公司全部都受到了赔偿。

Europe's football governing body Uefa has called the Barcelona midfielder Sergio Busquets to a disciplinary hearing over allegations he racially abused a black Real Madrid player by calling him a monkey during a match. The abuse allegation was brought by Real Madrid's Brazilian player Marcelo, supported by video evidence from the club. Alex Capstick reports.

欧洲足联要求巴塞罗那中场队员塞尔吉奥·布茨克斯(Sergio Busquets)进习训诫处罚听证会，因为他被控种族歧视，辱骂皇家马德里队员为猴子。这项指控由皇马巴西队员马塞洛提出，俱乐部的录像资料也支持了这种说法。Alex Capstick报道。

European football's governing body, which has vowed¹² to crack down on racism¹³ in football, has now decided¹⁴ to launch disciplinary proceedings¹⁵. The punishment for racial abuse is a five-match ban. Uefa have already handed a five-match ban to Real Madrid's coach Jose Mourinho after his outburst during the same match. Racism has been a controversial issue in Spanish football. There have been complaints from foreign black players. Earlier this year, Barcelona's Brazilian defender¹⁶ Danny Alves said it was uncontrollable.

欧洲足联曾经誓言打击足球比赛中的种族歧视现象，现在决定开始训诫程序。种族歧视的惩罚是禁止参加五场比赛。在同一场体赛中，皇马主教练已经因为情绪爆发而被禁止参加五场比赛。种族歧视在西班牙足球界一直是一个充满争议的话题。外国黑人队员曾经投诉。今年年初，巴塞罗那巴西后卫Danny Alves表示这一点是无法控制的。

World News from the BBC

A British inquiry¹⁷ into the invasion of Iraq has released a letter from a former intelligence officer who said he came under strong pressure to find evidence to support military action. The official Michael Laurie said an intelligence dossier in 2002 asserting that Saddam Hussein was developing weapons of mass destruction was intended to make the case for war. His comments directly contradict the testimony¹⁸ of the former British government's director of communications, Alastair Campbell.

对伊拉克战争进行调查的英国工作小组公布了一名前情报官员的信件。他表示自己受到寻找证据来支持军事行动的巨大压力。情报官员Michael Laurie表示，2002年一份断言萨达姆在制造大规模杀伤性武器的卷宗是为了给战争制造借口。他的说法与前英国政府通讯官员阿斯戴尔·坎贝尔(Alistair Campbell)提供的证词完全相反。

The founder of the Bangladeshi micro-lending institution the Grameen Bank, Muhammad Yunus, has resigned as its head after a row with the government. More from Anbarasan Ethirajan.

孟加拉国小额信贷机构格莱珉银行(Grameen Bank)创始人穆罕默德·尤努斯(Muhammad Yunus)由于与政府发生争吵而辞职。Anbarasan Ethirajan报道详细内容。

In a short statement, Mr Yunus said he had taken the decision to avoid what he called "undue¹⁹ disruption" to the bank's activities following last week's Supreme²⁰ Court's ruling. The court upheld the official decision to sack him from the bank saying at 70 he was well past the mandatory²¹ retirement²² age. His supporters say the decision to sack him from the bank is related to his attempt to enter politics three years ago, a charge the government denies. Mr Yunus started the Grameen Bank to offer micro loans to the poor, and the model has been replicated²³ in many countries around the world.

在一份简短的声明中，尤努斯表示，上周最高法庭的裁决之后，他决定避免对银行的互动造成“不恰当的扰乱”。法庭支持官方的决定，将尤努斯革职，因为他已经70岁，远远超过了法定的退休年龄。他的支持者表示，银行将其解雇是因为他三年前曾经试图进入政治领域，政府否认了这种说法。尤努斯开创了格莱珉银行(Grameen Bank)为穷人提供小额贷款，全世界许多国家复制了这种典范。

A body that represents Europe's professional athletes has said that hundreds of its members want to launch a legal challenge to the World Anti-Doping Code on the grounds that it violates their human rights. The code requires that some athletes declare their whereabouts for an hour every day in case they are ordered to have a drugs test.

欧洲职业运动员机构表示，数百名运动员希望向《世界反兴奋剂条例》提起法律挑战，因为该条例触犯了他们的人权。该条例要求一些运动员每天都必须报道自己的行踪，以防他们接到命令进行药物检验。

The White House is proposing radical²⁴ new legislation to regulate the way the United States protects itself from hackers²⁵, criminals and spies. It will be the country's first comprehensive plan to improve the protection of critical infrastructure²⁶, such as the electrical grid²⁷ and financial systems, and also includes better reporting and monitoring.

白宫提出了新的法案，调控美国保护自己免受黑客，罪犯和间谍攻击的方式。该法案将成为美国改善电网和金融机构等基础设施，进行更好的报告和监督的首个综合性计划。

1 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

2 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

3 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

4 pending   

prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的

参考例句：

• The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
• He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。

5 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

6 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

7 withdrawn   

vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出

参考例句：

• Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
• All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。

8 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

9 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

10 collaborating   

合作( collaborate的现在分词 )； 勾结叛国

参考例句：

• Joe is collaborating on the work with a friend. 乔正与一位朋友合作做那件工作。
• He was not only learning from but also collaborating with Joseph Thomson. 他不仅是在跟约瑟福？汤姆逊学习，而且也是在和他合作。

11 Nazis   

n.（德国的）纳粹党员( Nazi的名词复数 )；纳粹主义

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

13 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

14 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

15 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

16 defender   

n.保卫者，拥护者，辩护人

参考例句：

• He shouldered off a defender and shot at goal.他用肩膀挡开防守队员，然后射门。
• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。

17 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

18 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

19 undue   

adj.过分的；不适当的；未到期的

参考例句：

• Don't treat the matter with undue haste.不要过急地处理此事。
• It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticisms.最好不要过分看重他的批评。

20 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

21 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

22 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

23 replicated   

复制( replicate的过去式和过去分词 )； 重复； 再造； 再生

参考例句：

• Later outplant the seedlings in a replicated permanent test plantation. 以后苗木出圃栽植成重复的永久性试验林。
• The phage has replicated and the donor cells have lysed. 噬菌体已复制和给体细胞已发生裂解。

24 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

25 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

26 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

27 grid   

n.高压输电线路网；地图坐标方格；格栅

参考例句：

• In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下，要用载体把格栅密封起来。
• Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。