英语听力精选进阶版 9052

One thing you need to know about wiretapping is that if law enforcement does it without probable cause and a warrant, it`s probably unconstitutional.

关于窃听，需要知道一件事情，如果执法部门没有正当的理由，并获得批准，那么窃听行为是违宪的。

That`s from a 1967 Supreme¹ Court case called Katz. Shortly after that, Congress enacted² Title III, which governs procedures for wiretapping and electronic surveillance.

这是根据1967年一个叫做凯茨(Katz)的案子。不久之后，美国国会修改了美国宪法第四修正案，明确规定了窃听和电子监控的程序。

In an ordinary criminal investigation³, Title III requires two things. First, a statement of probable cause. But in addition to that, a statement that this is probably the only way that this evidence can be obtained. But until Title III, those requirements don`t apply to national security type surveillance. The problem is, even after Title III, the executive branch continued to engage in electronic surveillance of Americans based on their political opinions, but under the guise⁴ of national security.

对于普通的刑事犯罪侦查，宪法第三章要求需要存在两个要素。第一，合理的声明。但是，除此之外，声明中表示这是唯一可以或者证据的办法。到但是直到宪法第四修正案第三章，这些要求并不适用于关乎国家安全的监测。但是问题是，尽管第三章做出了修改，但是，一些行政机关，仍然打着国家安全的幌子，而是出于自己的观点，对美国公民进行电子监视。

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 or FISA was actually intended to create more rigorous procedural requirements for this kind of surveillance. Originally under FISA, obtaining a warrant was something like the criminal process. The requests were individualized. You had to show necessity and you had to show either a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power.

1978年外国情报监视法案（简称FISA），实际的目的旨制定更加严格的监控程序。最初根据FISA,犯罪过程等监控需要获得批准.之后,这些要求被个性化. 你必须展示进行监听的必然性,以及出示自己是否是外国势力或外国势力的代理人.

Now, after a series of amendments⁵, when it comes to a non-U.S. person overseas, you don`t need any probable cause at all. And unlike the criminal courts, FISA courts are almost completely conducted in secret. Title III wiretaps in ordinary criminal cases are generally difficult to obtain, especially when compared to the law standard and secrecy⁶ in the FISA courts.

现在,经过一系列的修正,涉及到海外的非美国公民,则完全不需要任何合理根据. 不同于刑事法庭,FISA法院几乎完全在秘密进行.根与FISA法院的法律标准和保密程度,按照宪法第三章,普通的刑事案件通常很难达到标准.

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 enacted   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
• Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

3 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

4 guise   

n.外表，伪装的姿态

参考例句：

• They got into the school in the guise of inspectors.他们假装成视察员进了学校。
• The thief came into the house under the guise of a repairman.那小偷扮成个修理匠进了屋子。

5 amendments   

（法律、文件的）改动( amendment的名词复数 )； 修正案； 修改； （美国宪法的）修正案

参考例句：

• The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
• Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。

6 secrecy   

n.秘密，保密，隐蔽

参考例句：

• All the researchers on the project are sworn to secrecy.该项目的所有研究人员都按要求起誓保守秘密。
• Complete secrecy surrounded the meeting.会议在绝对机密的环境中进行。