【英语语言学习】瘾君子的康复之路

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

Last fall on WEEKEND EDITION Sunday, we took a close look at addiction¹ in America. What forms it can take, what causes it and the intimate stories of those it affects. For the next few minutes, we're going to focus in on another part of the addiction story - recovery. Every year, nearly two million Americans seek treatment for addiction to drugs or alcohol on an in- or outpatient basis. The most famous inpatient rehab facility is the one named after former first lady Betty Ford². Here she is speaking to CBS News about her addiction to alcohol and painkillers³.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

BETTY FORD: My family saw the problem. And they got professional help to come in and help them do what we refer to as an intervention⁴.

MARTIN: The Betty Ford Center opened in 1982. Troubled celebrities⁵ have flocked there, along with thousands of others looking for an intensive rehabilitation⁶ that takes them out of their regular lives.

(SOUNDBITE OF COMMERCIAL)

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: Our beautiful 20-acre campus is located in Rancho Mirage⁷, California, where we offer security...

MARTIN: Just last month, Betty Ford merged⁸ with Hazelden Treatment Centers to create the largest nonprofit treatment organization in the country. But there's a growing chorus of medical professionals who say inpatient rehab centers provide only a temporary fix that can sometimes evaporate when patients go back into the real world.

TOM MCCLELLAN: We used to understand addiction - 40 years ago - as a bad habit, low character development, poor impulse control.

MARTIN: This is Tom McClellan. He's the CEO and co-founder⁹ of the Treatment Research Institute in Philadelphia. And he says inpatient rehab came out of this belief that to get better, you just had to be a better person.

MCCLELLAN: And so what was envisioned was a program that, first, tore the patient down, stripped the patient of his bad habits. And then, reconstructed a person who was more socially responsible, more honest, had better character.

MARTIN: Today, McClellan says addiction needs to be treated like diabetes¹⁰.

MCCLELLAN: Now, it would be unthinkable for somebody with diabetes to go to their priest to find a cure for diabetes. Well, that's not unthinkable in addiction, because the public just doesn't understand it as a chronic¹¹ illness.

MARTIN: But addiction did feel like a chronic disease to Shane Linehan. He spent 15 years as a Minnesota police officer and had series of close calls.

SHANE LINEHAN: My head was a mess. I didn't sleep. I had panic attacks constantly.

MARTIN: To calm himself down, he drank a lot.

LINEHAN: Rather than killing¹² myself, I decided¹³ to try to drink myself healthy. Only a drunk could make that logical assumption, right?

MARTIN: Linehan started using prescription¹⁴ drugs. And eventually, he had to face what had become a serious addiction.

LINEHAN: My girlfriend - we've been together for eight years now. And she tossed me out and said go clean up or don't come home, so I went to treatment.

MARTIN: He enrolled¹⁵ in a 28-day residential¹⁶ program at Hazelden in St. Paul, Minnesota. And while he says it put him on more solid footing, as soon as he left the safe confines of the rehab center, things started to unravel¹⁷.

LINEHAN: When I left there, life happened. All of those things - those piles of debris¹⁸ that, at one point, were a life were still there. And I had to start going through them and trying to put some pieces back together. And along the way there, I had trigger after trigger, after trigger.

MARTIN: He relapsed, started taking Vicodin again. And, again, he sought help. But he was done with inpatient rehab. He had spent a lot of time and money, and it hadn't worked for him. So this time, he took a different option.

(SOUNDBITE OF PHONE CONVERSATION)

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: 8:30 will work? The 23rd of May. We'll see you then. Thanks for hanging in there with me.

MARTIN: This is Alltyr. It's a new addiction clinic that opened last year in St. Paul, Minnesota that's taking a radically¹⁹ different approach to addiction treatment. Patients, like Shane Linehan, don't pack a bag and check into a residential facility. They don't go to group therapy, and they don't expect to get sober in 30 days. Instead, patients schedule regular appointments with a doctor who is more likely to give them a prescription, instead of motivational advice.

MARK WILLENBRING: We do not do rehab. We are the alternative to rehab.

MARTIN: This is Mark Willenbring. He's the CEO and founder of Alltyr.

WILLENBRING: Our goal is to engage the patient in a recovery process. We don't have a particular approach. We don't tell people what to do.

MARTIN: I can imagine, though, a patient coming to you who wants some structure, who's looking for answers, who says, I don't know how to make myself well. I need someone who's a professional to tell me.

WILLENBRING: I do guide people, of course. And if they ask me for what my recommendation is, I have no problem giving them that.

MARTIN: At Alltyr, that can mean a whole variety of medications that treat addiction to alcohol and opioids, as well as anxiety and depression. Some of them are approved by the FDA. Some of them aren't. Willenbring says traditional rehab centers shy away from medications and rely too much on talk therapy, which he says isn't a proven way to kick an addiction.

MARVIN SEPPALA: I will admit that there's not a lot of studies that support it. But I think the overall dismissal of a residential setting for addiction treatment is well overstated.

MARTIN: This is Dr. Marvin Seppala, chief medical officer of the newly merged Hazelden Betty Ford Center. And while his program is starting to use more medications, he says it's not enough.

SEPPALA: This is a disease not just of the brain, but also the soul. I mean, the person's life is in the balance. Their relationships are in the balance. And if we only give them a medication and don't account for all of that, it's just not going to work out over time.

MARTIN: As for Shane Linehan, he's been seeing Dr. Willenbring at Alltyr for the last five months. He's feeling good and hasn't relapsed. But he says, for him, sobriety doesn't look like the advertisements on TV. It is more basic than that.

LINEHAN: A good doctor, a good psychologist and a really good AA group.

MARTIN: And you anticipate seeing those people for years and years?

LINEHAN: Yes. I mean, I would assume it would be the rest of my life.

1 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

2 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

3 painkillers   

n.止痛药( painkiller的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. 医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。 来自辞典例句
• The primary painkillers - opiates, like OxyContin - are widely feared, misunderstood and underused. 人们对主要的镇痛药——如鸦片剂奥施康定——存在广泛的恐惧、误解，因此没有充分利用。 来自时文部分

4 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

5 celebrities   

n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉

参考例句：

• He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
• a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

6 rehabilitation   

n.康复，悔过自新，修复，复兴，复职，复位

参考例句：

• He's booked himself into a rehabilitation clinic.他自己联系了一家康复诊所。
• No one can really make me rehabilitation of injuries.已经没有人可以真正令我的伤康复了。

7 mirage   

n.海市蜃楼，幻景

参考例句：

• Perhaps we are all just chasing a mirage.也许我们都只是在追逐一个幻想。
• Western liberalism was always a mirage.西方自由主义永远是一座海市蜃楼。

8 merged   

（使）混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 )； 相融； 融入； 渐渐消失在某物中

参考例句：

• Turf wars are inevitable when two departments are merged. 两个部门合并时总免不了争争权限。
• The small shops were merged into a large market. 那些小商店合并成为一个大商场。

9 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

10 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

11 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

12 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

13 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

14 prescription   

n.处方，开药；指示，规定

参考例句：

• The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
• The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。

15 enrolled   

adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起

参考例句：

• They have been studying hard from the moment they enrolled. 从入学时起，他们就一直努力学习。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He enrolled with an employment agency for a teaching position. 他在职业介绍所登了记以谋求一个教师的职位。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 residential   

adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的

参考例句：

• The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
• The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。

17 unravel   

v.弄清楚（秘密）；拆开，解开，松开

参考例句：

• He was good with his hands and could unravel a knot or untangle yarn that others wouldn't even attempt.他的手很灵巧，其他人甚至都不敢尝试的一些难解的绳结或缠在一起的纱线，他都能解开。
• This is the attitude that led him to unravel a mystery that long puzzled Chinese historians.正是这种态度使他解决了长期以来使中国历史学家们大惑不解的谜。

18 debris   

n.瓦砾堆，废墟，碎片

参考例句：

• After the bombing there was a lot of debris everywhere.轰炸之后到处瓦砾成堆。
• Bacteria sticks to food debris in the teeth,causing decay.细菌附着在牙缝中的食物残渣上，导致蛀牙。

19 radically   

ad.根本地，本质地

参考例句：

• I think we may have to rethink our policies fairly radically. 我认为我们可能要对我们的政策进行根本的反思。
• The health service must be radically reformed. 公共医疗卫生服务必须进行彻底改革。