15篇文章贯通六级词汇Unit08-Part2

[00:00.00]One could only imagine
[00:03.26]how the Chinese must have felt
[00:05.34]at the turn of the century.
[00:06.88]Could any American imagine a scenario¹
[00:10.71]of the shoe being on
[00:12.13]the other foot (putting themselves
[00:14.31]in the place of the Chinese)?
[00:16.39]How would Americans have felt
[00:19.24]if Chinese gunboats patrolled
[00:21.97]the Mississippi River up to St. Louis,
[00:24.71]a major city in the heart
[00:26.79]of America? What if the Chinese
[00:29.63]could come and go anywhere
[00:31.38]in the United States, being
[00:33.35]completely immune to all American laws.
[00:37.30]Could Americans accept Chinatown
[00:40.75]in Boston of San Francisco
[00:42.94]being under Chinese law, and
[00:45.89]displaying signs with such captions²
[00:47.53]as “No Americans or dogs allowed”?
[00:50.81]What if Manhattan Island and California
[00:54.64]were annexed³ by China? Would Americans
[00:58.58]tolerate their own officials
[01:00.44]being in collusion with, and being
[01:02.95]bribed by Chinese authorities,
[01:05.25]to let all of above to
[01:07.88]take place? One would think not.
[01:10.95]Is it any wonder that
[01:14.22]imperialism had become such
[01:15.97]an abominable⁴ term to the Chinese people?
[01:19.15]The Chinese have made some
[01:22.32]conscientious attempts to fight back,
[01:24.84]in efforts to defy foreign presence
[01:27.68]in China, but without much support
[01:30.20]during the slack reign⁵ of
[01:32.38]the Qing Emperor and the Dowager Empress.
[01:35.77]The Imperial family, for so long,
[01:39.06]had been extremely self?indulgent.
[01:42.02]It paid little attention
[01:44.31]to the realities of what
[01:46.37]was happening inside China.
[01:48.33]For so long, the nation's policies
[01:51.84]revolved around the whims⁶ of
[01:53.81]the Imperial Family.
[01:56.44]With reliance on its own resources,
[01:59.82]a secret society, called the Order
[02:03.54]of Literary Patriotic⁷ Harmonious⁸ Fists,
[02:07.16]made one last desperate attempt
[02:09.78]at revenge, to rid the country
[02:12.30]of foreigners. In 1900, these Boxers⁹
[02:16.57]as they were called, stubbornly engaged
[02:19.51]the foreign powers in conflict.
[02:22.14]The former tore up railway tracks,
[02:25.31]attacked Chinese Christians¹⁰, besieged¹¹
[02:28.93]foreign delegations¹², and eventually
[02:31.45]slaughtered over three hundred foreigners.
[02:34.29]The Americans collaborated¹³ with the Japanese,
[02:37.90]consolidated forces and easily overwhelmed
[02:41.95]the Boxers. The latter crumbled¹⁴
[02:45.34]under the pressure of foreign superiority
[02:47.85]and its own deficiencies in equipment
[02:50.70]and organization. The victors placed
[02:54.38]severe controls on the crippled
[02:56.13]Chinese Government and imposed heavy indemnities¹⁵
[03:00.72]of billions of dollars. The fact
[03:04.11]that the foreigners were interested,
[03:06.19]only in protecting their
[03:07.83]own interests, was abundantly clear.
[03:11.12]Aside from discriminatory immigration policy
[03:15.93]against Chinese, the U.S. had no
[03:18.66]official direct political or diplomatic relations
[03:22.38]with China until the Second World War.
[03:25.77]The United States took on
[03:28.29]a much cherished isolationist approach
[03:31.57]to world affairs following
[03:33.40]the First World War, after having
[03:35.48]established itself as a major world power.
[03:39.19]The United States did not even
[03:42.15]become a representative of
[03:44.20]the League of Nations, essentially¹⁷
[03:46.49]the creation of its own then
[03:48.57]President, Woodrow Wilson. This organization
[03:52.62]was set up in 1919 to curb¹⁸
[03:55.79]international conflict, which could,
[03:57.87]potentially, throw the world
[04:00.60]into a war again. The absence of
[04:03.99]this powerful nation was one of
[04:06.62]the major weaknesses of this
[04:08.37]organization and, consequently, a possible
[04:12.20]factor that actually facilitated
[04:14.06]the resumption of world conflict in 1939.
[04:18.76]The Second World War
[04:22.71]During the Second World War,
[04:26.97]the United States and China were
[04:29.16]allies against the common enemy,
[04:31.56]Japan. A coalition¹⁹ of the United States,
[04:36.49]British Commonwealth²⁰ countries,
[04:39.00]and other allies dispatched supplies
[04:41.96]and other support to China
[04:43.81]by way of the Burma Road and
[04:46.22]by air over the hump (mountains),
[04:48.85]to close in on Japan from the rear.
[04:52.46]When war broke out in 1939,
[04:57.05]China was experiencing a civil war,
[04:59.90]the Nationalists versus²¹ the Communists.
[05:03.18]This civil war was put on
[05:06.36]hold while both the Nationalists
[05:08.43]and Communists joined forces
[05:10.84]to converge²² on Japan, which had,
[05:13.14]intermittently, hovered²³ over China
[05:16.53]as a menace, or as an imperialist
[05:18.61]thorn in its side, for a good
[05:21.67]century before the war. The war
[05:25.72]brought the United States out
[05:27.35]of its splendid official isolation¹⁶.
[05:29.87]Once the war was over,
[05:32.28]turbulent times continued to stalk China.
[05:35.99]The civil war picked up
[05:39.06]where it left off. The Americans
[05:41.46]lent its moral support to
[05:43.76]the Nationalists in their struggle
[05:45.52]against the Communists, whereby
[05:47.70]the United States began to formulate²⁴
[05:50.22]its Cold War policy of “Containment”
[05:52.84](Containing the spread of Communism).
 

1 scenario   

n.剧本，脚本；概要

参考例句：

• But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
• This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。

2 captions   

n.标题，说明文字，字幕( caption的名词复数 )v.给（图片、照片等）加说明文字( caption的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• I stared, trying to grasp the point of the picture and the captions. 我目不转睛地看着漫画，想弄清楚漫画和解说词的意思。 来自辞典例句
• Indicates whether the user or the system paints the captions. 指示是由用户还是由系统来绘制标题。 来自互联网

3 annexed   

[法] 附加的，附属的

参考例句：

• Germany annexed Austria in 1938. 1938年德国吞并了奥地利。
• The outlying villages were formally annexed by the town last year. 那些偏远的村庄于去年正式被并入该镇。

4 abominable   

adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的

参考例句：

• Their cruel treatment of prisoners was abominable.他们虐待犯人的做法令人厌恶。
• The sanitary conditions in this restaurant are abominable.这家饭馆的卫生状况糟透了。

5 reign   

n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势

参考例句：

• The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
• The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。

6 WHIMS   

虚妄，禅病

参考例句：

• The mate observed regretfully that he could not account for that young fellow's whims. 那位伙伴很遗憾地说他不能说出那年轻人产生怪念头的原因。
• The rest she had for food and her own whims. 剩下的钱她用来吃饭和买一些自己喜欢的东西。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

7 patriotic   

adj.爱国的，有爱国心的

参考例句：

• His speech was full of patriotic sentiments.他的演说充满了爱国之情。
• The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese.这位老人是一位爱国华侨。

8 harmonious   

adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的

参考例句：

• Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.他们关系融洽的部分原因是他们有着相似的目标。
• The room was painted in harmonious colors.房间油漆得色彩调和。

9 boxers   

n.拳击短裤；（尤指职业）拳击手( boxer的名词复数 )；拳师狗

参考例句：

• The boxers were goaded on by the shrieking crowd. 拳击运动员听见观众的喊叫就来劲儿了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The boxers slugged it out to the finish. 两名拳击手最后决出了胜负。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

11 besieged   

包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Paris was besieged for four months and forced to surrender. 巴黎被围困了四个月后被迫投降。
• The community besieged the newspaper with letters about its recent editorial. 公众纷纷来信对报社新近发表的社论提出诘问，弄得报社应接不暇。

12 delegations   

n.代表团( delegation的名词复数 )；委托，委派

参考例句：

• In the past 15 years, China has sent 280 women delegations abroad. 十五年来，中国共派280批妇女代表团出访。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• The Sun Ray decision follows the federal pattern of tolerating broad delegations but insisting on safeguards. “阳光”案的判决仿效联邦容许广泛授权的做法，但又坚持保护措施。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法

13 collaborated   

合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾结叛国

参考例句：

• We have collaborated on many projects over the years. 这些年来我们合作搞了许多项目。
• We have collaborated closely with the university on this project. 我们与大学在这个专案上紧密合作。

14 crumbled   

（把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 衰落； 坍塌； 损坏

参考例句：

• He crumbled the bread in his fingers. 他用手指把面包捻碎。
• Our hopes crumbled when the business went bankrupt. 商行破产了，我们的希望也破灭了。

15 indemnities   

n.保障( indemnity的名词复数 )；赔偿；赔款；补偿金

参考例句：

• Experience shows that large indemnities do not work. 经验证明大量的赔款是行不通的。 来自辞典例句
• The imperialist powers repeatedly forced the Qing government to cede territory and pay indemnities. 帝国主义列强多次强迫清朝政府割地赔款。 来自辞典例句

16 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

17 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

18 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

19 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

20 commonwealth   

n.共和国，联邦，共同体

参考例句：

• He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。
• Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。

21 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

22 converge   

vi.会合；聚集，集中；(思想、观点等)趋近

参考例句：

• The results converge towards this truth.其结果趋近于这个真理。
• Parallel lines converge at infinity.平行线永不相交。

23 hovered   

鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫

参考例句：

• A hawk hovered over the hill. 一只鹰在小山的上空翱翔。
• A hawk hovered in the blue sky. 一只老鹰在蓝色的天空中翱翔。

24 formulate   

v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述

参考例句：

• He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌，清楚地做了回答。
• I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。