15篇文章贯通六级词汇Unit09-Part2

[00:00.00]Thawing of the Cold War
[00:02.51]—the 1970's to 2001
[00:05.14]American Cold War policy ensued
[00:09.08]until the early 1970's,
[00:11.15]when some major changes
[00:12.58]in thinking were inaugurated.
[00:14.11]Communist China's entry to the United Nations
[00:16.95]was a setback¹ for the United States.
[00:19.47]The Vietnam War was not going well.
[00:22.07]In the early 70s, American President Nixon,
[00:26.56]the arch?conservative and anti-communist president,
[00:29.40]up to that point,
[00:31.48]was preparing to visit China
[00:32.79]and the Soviet² Union.
[00:33.88]Why would an American president visit these enemies?
[00:36.84]The Americans came to the realization³
[00:39.46]that the development of good relations
[00:41.98]with its counterparts in the communist
[00:43.73]world was necessary.
[00:45.59]A forthcoming, more pragmatic approach to
[00:48.65]foreign policy with China was to be
[00:49.07]a departure from the adverse⁴ ideological⁵ approach.
[00:54.00]The United States had lost solid backing
[00:56.85]from traditional supporters,
[00:58.26]as illustrated⁶ by Communist China's
[01:00.46]entry into the United Nations.
[01:02.21]The question as to whether
[01:04.61]Nationalist China or the People's Republic of China
[01:07.24]should hold China's permanent Security Council seat,
[01:10.41]was a topic of much discussion
[01:12.82]and debate for years.
[01:14.35]For many countries,
[01:16.21]the idea of ignoring
[01:17.74]one third of the world's population
[01:19.38]at the UN was difficult to rationalize.
[01:21.79]This debate ensued until 1971,
[01:25.62]when the People?s Republic of China
[01:28.02]finally displaced Nationalist China
[01:30.32]at the United Nations,
[01:31.64]including the permanent seat,
[01:33.16]originally held by Nationalist China
[01:35.35]in the Security Council.
[01:36.89]A baffled United States
[01:38.97]could no longer persuade nor
[01:40.93]intimidate the majority of the countries
[01:43.01]in the UN General Assembly to
[01:45.10]keep Communist China out of the UN.
[01:47.17]The United States had little choice
[01:49.69]but to eventually extend official recognition
[01:52.75]to the People?s Republic of China.
[01:54.61]The war-weary American people
[01:57.35]were no longer supporting the war
[01:59.31]in Vietnam and no longer eagerly supporting
[02:01.94]traditional foreign policy.
[02:03.69]A major scandal(Watergate),
[02:06.86]that would rock the Nixon Administration
[02:08.94]to the resultant resignation of the president,
[02:11.02]was about to be disclosed.
[02:12.66]Practical solutions were needed
[02:14.74]for practical problems.
[02:16.27]Peaceful coexistence meant
[02:18.79]finding some common ground
[02:20.54]on which to activate⁷
[02:21.63]international trust and cooperation.
[02:23.82]Nixon's consecutive⁸ predecessors⁹,
[02:26.44]Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy,
[02:28.97]and Johnson would have rolled over
[02:31.37]in their graves if they
[02:32.90]could have seen these changes.
[02:33.43]These changes would have appeared alien,
[02:36.39]contradictory or even contrived¹⁰,
[02:38.68]to them and their contemporaries.
[02:40.87]Presidents Ford¹¹, Reagan, Bush,
[02:44.48]and Clinton saw the need to keep
[02:46.88]communication channels open with China.
[02:48.96]Americans finally realized that
[02:51.22]they could no longer
[02:52.54]keep down a sleeping giant.
[02:54.18]No longer a Paper Tiger,
[02:56.04]China was a reality,
[02:57.57]and was entitled to an important place
[02:59.97]in world decision?making venues¹².
[03:02.16]In the 1980's following the Cultural Revolution
[03:06.21]and the death of Mao Tsetung,
[03:08.40]China's outlook on the world changed dramatically.
[03:11.02]Deng Xiaopeng's reforms were
[03:13.65]to bring China closer to being
[03:15.07]a major world partner in international trade
[03:17.48]and the development of world markets.
[03:19.67]This was capped with its admission
[03:22.18]to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001.
[03:26.89]China has been most willing to comply
[03:29.51]with all of the regulations of the WTO.
[03:31.92]Americans have only
[03:33.78]half-heartedly opposed China's entry,
[03:35.42]by unfairly using “human rights”
[03:37.72]as a distraction¹³ to perhaps disguise
[03:40.13]other international pressures.
[03:41.88]However, the United States,
[03:44.62]for a couple of decades,
[03:46.14]already had major, politically discreet¹⁴,
[03:48.99]vested economic interests in China
[03:51.07]that it could not afford
[03:52.71]to deny or jeopardize¹⁵.
[03:54.13]In 1998, China signed
[03:56.98]a Permanent Normal Trading Relations agreement
[03:59.71]with the United States,
[04:03.43]the prelude¹⁶ to the former's entry into the WTO.
[04:03.97]President Clinton, who visited China in 1998,
[04:08.01]had essentially¹⁷ paid lip service
[04:09.87]to Congressional pressure to push
[04:11.41]the human rights issues with China.
[04:13.15]Except for the occasional irritating crisis
[04:16.10]in recent years, such as
[04:17.86]the spy plane incident off the island
[04:19.61]of Hainan in April 2001,
[04:22.02]Sino-American relations have been cordial
[04:24.53]but cautious. The consensus¹⁸ seems to be,
[04:27.38]that China's destiny as a major international force
[04:30.77]in the 21th century, seems reasonably assured.
 

1 setback   

n.退步，挫折，挫败

参考例句：

• Since that time there has never been any setback in his career.从那时起他在事业上一直没有遇到周折。
• She views every minor setback as a disaster.她把每个较小的挫折都看成重大灾难。

2 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

3 realization   

n.实现；认识到，深刻了解

参考例句：

• We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
• He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。

4 adverse   

adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的

参考例句：

• He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
• The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。

5 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

6 illustrated   

adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
• The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。

7 activate   

vt.使活动起来，使开始起作用

参考例句：

• We must activate the youth to study.我们要激励青年去学习。
• These push buttons can activate the elevator.这些按钮能启动电梯。

8 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

9 predecessors   

n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身

参考例句：

• The new government set about dismantling their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制定的法律。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Will new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors? 新计划比原先的计划更能令人满意吗？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 contrived   

adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的

参考例句：

• There was nothing contrived or calculated about what he said.他说的话里没有任何蓄意捏造的成分。
• The plot seems contrived.情节看起来不真实。

11 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

12 venues   

n.聚集地点( venue的名词复数 )；会场；（尤指）体育比赛场所；犯罪地点

参考例句：

• The band will be playing at 20 different venues on their UK tour. 这个乐队在英国巡回演出期间将在20个不同的地点演出。
• Farmers market corner, 800 meters long, 60 meters wide livestock trading venues. 农牧市场东北角，有长800米，宽60米的牲畜交易场地。 来自互联网

13 distraction   

n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐

参考例句：

• Total concentration is required with no distractions.要全神贯注，不能有丝毫分神。
• Their national distraction is going to the disco.他们的全民消遣就是去蹦迪。

14 discreet   

adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的

参考例句：

• He is very discreet in giving his opinions.发表意见他十分慎重。
• It wasn't discreet of you to ring me up at the office.你打电话到我办公室真是太鲁莽了。

15 jeopardize   

vt.危及，损害

参考例句：

• Overworking can jeopardize your health.工作过量可能会危及你的健康。
• If you are rude to the boss it may jeopardize your chances of success.如果你对上司无礼，那就可能断送你成功的机会。

16 prelude   

n.序言，前兆，序曲

参考例句：

• The prelude to the musical composition is very long.这首乐曲的序曲很长。
• The German invasion of Poland was a prelude to World War II.德国入侵波兰是第二次世界大战的序幕。

17 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

18 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？