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15篇文章贯通六级词汇Unit09-Part2

时间:2010-11-22 03:36来源:互联网 提供网友:luckykisshua   字体: [ ]
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[00:00.00]Thawing of the Cold War
[00:02.51]—the 1970's to 2001
[00:05.14]American Cold War policy ensued
[00:09.08]until the early 1970's,
[00:11.15]when some major changes
[00:12.58]in thinking were inaugurated.
[00:14.11]Communist China's entry to the United Nations
[00:16.95]was a setback1 for the United States.
[00:19.47]The Vietnam War was not going well.
[00:22.07]In the early 70s, American President Nixon,
[00:26.56]the arch?conservative and anti-communist president,
[00:29.40]up to that point,
[00:31.48]was preparing to visit China
[00:32.79]and the Soviet2 Union.
[00:33.88]Why would an American president visit these enemies?
[00:36.84]The Americans came to the realization3
[00:39.46]that the development of good relations
[00:41.98]with its counterparts in the communist
[00:43.73]world was necessary.
[00:45.59]A forthcoming, more pragmatic approach to
[00:48.65]foreign policy with China was to be
[00:49.07]a departure from the adverse4 ideological5 approach.
[00:54.00]The United States had lost solid backing
[00:56.85]from traditional supporters,
[00:58.26]as illustrated6 by Communist China's
[01:00.46]entry into the United Nations.
[01:02.21]The question as to whether
[01:04.61]Nationalist China or the People's Republic of China
[01:07.24]should hold China's permanent Security Council seat,
[01:10.41]was a topic of much discussion
[01:12.82]and debate for years.
[01:14.35]For many countries,
[01:16.21]the idea of ignoring
[01:17.74]one third of the world's population
[01:19.38]at the UN was difficult to rationalize.
[01:21.79]This debate ensued until 1971,
[01:25.62]when the People?s Republic of China
[01:28.02]finally displaced Nationalist China
[01:30.32]at the United Nations,
[01:31.64]including the permanent seat,
[01:33.16]originally held by Nationalist China
[01:35.35]in the Security Council.
[01:36.89]A baffled United States
[01:38.97]could no longer persuade nor
[01:40.93]intimidate the majority of the countries
[01:43.01]in the UN General Assembly to
[01:45.10]keep Communist China out of the UN.
[01:47.17]The United States had little choice
[01:49.69]but to eventually extend official recognition
[01:52.75]to the People?s Republic of China.
[01:54.61]The war-weary American people
[01:57.35]were no longer supporting the war
[01:59.31]in Vietnam and no longer eagerly supporting
[02:01.94]traditional foreign policy.
[02:03.69]A major scandal(Watergate),
[02:06.86]that would rock the Nixon Administration
[02:08.94]to the resultant resignation of the president,
[02:11.02]was about to be disclosed.
[02:12.66]Practical solutions were needed
[02:14.74]for practical problems.
[02:16.27]Peaceful coexistence meant
[02:18.79]finding some common ground
[02:20.54]on which to activate7
[02:21.63]international trust and cooperation.
[02:23.82]Nixon's consecutive8 predecessors9,
[02:26.44]Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy,
[02:28.97]and Johnson would have rolled over
[02:31.37]in their graves if they
[02:32.90]could have seen these changes.
[02:33.43]These changes would have appeared alien,
[02:36.39]contradictory or even contrived10,
[02:38.68]to them and their contemporaries.
[02:40.87]Presidents Ford11, Reagan, Bush,
[02:44.48]and Clinton saw the need to keep
[02:46.88]communication channels open with China.
[02:48.96]Americans finally realized that
[02:51.22]they could no longer
[02:52.54]keep down a sleeping giant.
[02:54.18]No longer a Paper Tiger,
[02:56.04]China was a reality,
[02:57.57]and was entitled to an important place
[02:59.97]in world decision?making venues12.
[03:02.16]In the 1980's following the Cultural Revolution
[03:06.21]and the death of Mao Tsetung,
[03:08.40]China's outlook on the world changed dramatically.
[03:11.02]Deng Xiaopeng's reforms were
[03:13.65]to bring China closer to being
[03:15.07]a major world partner in international trade
[03:17.48]and the development of world markets.
[03:19.67]This was capped with its admission
[03:22.18]to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001.
[03:26.89]China has been most willing to comply
[03:29.51]with all of the regulations of the WTO.
[03:31.92]Americans have only
[03:33.78]half-heartedly opposed China's entry,
[03:35.42]by unfairly using “human rights”
[03:37.72]as a distraction13 to perhaps disguise
[03:40.13]other international pressures.
[03:41.88]However, the United States,
[03:44.62]for a couple of decades,
[03:46.14]already had major, politically discreet14,
[03:48.99]vested economic interests in China
[03:51.07]that it could not afford
[03:52.71]to deny or jeopardize15.
[03:54.13]In 1998, China signed
[03:56.98]a Permanent Normal Trading Relations agreement
[03:59.71]with the United States,
[04:03.43]the prelude16 to the former's entry into the WTO.
[04:03.97]President Clinton, who visited China in 1998,
[04:08.01]had essentially17 paid lip service
[04:09.87]to Congressional pressure to push
[04:11.41]the human rights issues with China.
[04:13.15]Except for the occasional irritating crisis
[04:16.10]in recent years, such as
[04:17.86]the spy plane incident off the island
[04:19.61]of Hainan in April 2001,
[04:22.02]Sino-American relations have been cordial
[04:24.53]but cautious. The consensus18 seems to be,
[04:27.38]that China's destiny as a major international force
[04:30.77]in the 21th century, seems reasonably assured.
 


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1 setback XzuwD     
n.退步,挫折,挫败
参考例句:
  • Since that time there has never been any setback in his career.从那时起他在事业上一直没有遇到周折。
  • She views every minor setback as a disaster.她把每个较小的挫折都看成重大灾难。
2 Soviet Sw9wR     
adj.苏联的,苏维埃的;n.苏维埃
参考例句:
  • Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
  • Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
3 realization nTwxS     
n.实现;认识到,深刻了解
参考例句:
  • We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
  • He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。
4 adverse 5xBzs     
adj.不利的;有害的;敌对的,不友好的
参考例句:
  • He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
  • The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。
5 ideological bq3zi8     
a.意识形态的
参考例句:
  • He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
  • He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作,对我有很大帮助。
6 illustrated 2a891807ad5907f0499171bb879a36aa     
adj. 有插图的,列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
  • The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。
7 activate UJ2y0     
vt.使活动起来,使开始起作用
参考例句:
  • We must activate the youth to study.我们要激励青年去学习。
  • These push buttons can activate the elevator.这些按钮能启动电梯。
8 consecutive DpPz0     
adj.连续的,联贯的,始终一贯的
参考例句:
  • It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
  • The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。
9 predecessors b59b392832b9ce6825062c39c88d5147     
n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 );前辈;(被取代的)原有事物;前身
参考例句:
  • The new government set about dismantling their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制定的法律。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Will new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors? 新计划比原先的计划更能令人满意吗? 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 contrived ivBzmO     
adj.不自然的,做作的;虚构的
参考例句:
  • There was nothing contrived or calculated about what he said.他说的话里没有任何蓄意捏造的成分。
  • The plot seems contrived.情节看起来不真实。
11 Ford KiIxx     
n.浅滩,水浅可涉处;v.涉水,涉过
参考例句:
  • They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上,所以我们只能涉水过河。
  • If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪,必须极度小心。
12 venues c277c9611f0a0f19beb3658245ac305f     
n.聚集地点( venue的名词复数 );会场;(尤指)体育比赛场所;犯罪地点
参考例句:
  • The band will be playing at 20 different venues on their UK tour. 这个乐队在英国巡回演出期间将在20个不同的地点演出。
  • Farmers market corner, 800 meters long, 60 meters wide livestock trading venues. 农牧市场东北角,有长800米,宽60米的牲畜交易场地。 来自互联网
13 distraction muOz3l     
n.精神涣散,精神不集中,消遣,娱乐
参考例句:
  • Total concentration is required with no distractions.要全神贯注,不能有丝毫分神。
  • Their national distraction is going to the disco.他们的全民消遣就是去蹦迪。
14 discreet xZezn     
adj.(言行)谨慎的;慎重的;有判断力的
参考例句:
  • He is very discreet in giving his opinions.发表意见他十分慎重。
  • It wasn't discreet of you to ring me up at the office.你打电话到我办公室真是太鲁莽了。
15 jeopardize s3Qxd     
vt.危及,损害
参考例句:
  • Overworking can jeopardize your health.工作过量可能会危及你的健康。
  • If you are rude to the boss it may jeopardize your chances of success.如果你对上司无礼,那就可能断送你成功的机会。
16 prelude 61Fz6     
n.序言,前兆,序曲
参考例句:
  • The prelude to the musical composition is very long.这首乐曲的序曲很长。
  • The German invasion of Poland was a prelude to World War II.德国入侵波兰是第二次世界大战的序幕。
17 essentially nntxw     
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
参考例句:
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
18 consensus epMzA     
n.(意见等的)一致,一致同意,共识
参考例句:
  • Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗?
  • What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么?
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