专业术语-EDGE

 

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, or EDGE, is a digital mobile phone technology which acts as a bolt-on enhancement to 2G and 2.5G General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) networks. This technology works in TDMA and GSM networks. EDGE (also known as EGPRS) is a superset to GPRS and can function on any network with GPRS deployed¹ on it, provided the carrier implements² the necessary upgrades.

EDGE provides Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), which can be used for any packet switched applications such as an Internet connection. High-speed data applications such as video services and other multimedia³ benefit from EGPRS' increased data capacity.

In addition to GMSK (Gaussian minimum-shift keying) EDGE uses 8PSK (8 Phase Shift Keying) for its upper five of the nine modulation⁴ and coding schemes. EDGE produces a 3bit word for every change in carrier phase. This effectively triples the gross data rate offered by GSM. EDGE, like GPRS, uses a rate adaptation algorithm that adapts the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) due to the quality of the radio channel, and thus the bit rate and robustness⁵ of data transmission. It introduces a new technology not found in GPRS, Incremental⁶ Redundancy, which, instead of retransmitting disturbed packets, sends more redundancy information to be combined in the receiver. This increases the probability of correct decoding⁷.

EDGE can carry data speeds up to 236.8 kbit/s for 4 time slots (theoretical maximum is 473.6 kbit/s for 8 time slots) in packet mode and will therefore meet the International Telecommunications Union's requirement for a 3G network, and has been accepted by the ITU as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards. It also enhances the circuit data mode called HSCSD, increasing the data rate of this service also. EDGE has been introduced into GSM networks around the world since 2003, initially⁸ in North America.

EDGE is actively⁹ supported by GSM operators in North America. Some GSM operators elsewhere view UMTS as the ultimate upgrade path and either plan to skip EDGE altogether or use it outside the UMTS coverage¹⁰ area. However, the high cost and slow uptake of UMTS (as demonstrated by the upstart network 3) have resulted in fairly common support for EDGE in the global GSM/GPRS market.

Although EDGE requires no hardware changes to be made in GSM core networks, base stations must be modified. An EDGE compatible tranceiver unit must be installed and base station system needs to be upgraded to support EDGE. New mobile terminal hardware and software is also required to decode/encode using the new shift keying scheme.

Whether EDGE is 2G or 3G depends on implementation¹¹. While Class 3 and below EDGE devices clearly are not 3G, class 4 and above devices perform at a higher bandwidth than other technologies conventionally considered as 3G (such as 1xRTT). With a maximum bandwidth of 236,8 kbit/s at Class 10, EDGE transcends¹² both common 2G and 3G definitions.

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Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)又称改进数据率GSM服务， 是一种数字移动电话技术，作为一个2G和2.5G (又名GPRS)的延伸，有时被称为2.75G。这项技术工作在TDMA和GSM网络中。 EDGE (通常所说 EGPRS)是GPRS的扩展，可以工作在任何已经部署GPRS的网络上。 (只要设备做一些必要的升级)

技术概述

In addition to 除了它的九层模型的上5层使用GMSK （高斯最小移位键控）EDGE 之外它还可以使用8PSK (8相位移相键控)作为编码方案。 EDGE is producing a 3bit word for every change in carrier phase. 这你能提供GSM3倍的数据吞吐量。 跟GPRS一样，EDGE使用速率匹配算法调整调制编码方案 (MCS)，因此能保证无线信道，数据流量和数据传输的稳定。 它引入了GPRS里没有的新技术：增加冗余度代替中继干扰报文发送更多的冗余信息来保持与接收机的联络。这样能增加正确解码的概率。

在报文模式，它的最高数据数率是384Kbps，因此符合ITU对3G网络的要求。作为IMT-2000家族的3G标准的一部分被ITU接受。 它还加强了电路交换模式，使用被叫作 HSCSD的技术提高数据交换速率。EDGE大约在2003年最初由北美引入GSM网络。

部署情况

由于GSM/GPRS的强烈竞争对手CDMA2000，到2004年, EDGE主要在北美的运营商那里部署了部分。大部分运行商把UMTS作为理想的升级途经，计划完全跳过EDGE或者在UMTS覆盖不到的区域使用。然而，UMTS高昂的建设费用和缓慢的实施已经使一些西欧的运营商采用EDGE作为过渡阶段的升级方案。 (典型的运行商3)

虽然EDGE不需要改变GSM核心网络的硬件,但是基站必须改进。兼容EDGE的传输单元要安装到基站上，而且基站系统的也要升级到能够支持EDGE。新的移动终端软硬件也要能够编解码新的移位监控方案。

EDGE支持加强GPRS (EGPRS)，一种种能提供够象互联网接入这样的报文交换应用。EGPRS增加的数据容量能够提供象视频服务和其他多媒体这样的高速数据应用。

EDGE的状态位于2G或者3G取决于设备。Class 3 和更低级别的设备并不是3G，Class 4和以上级别的设备性能能提供高于通常认为的3G设备的带宽，Class 10能提供230k的带宽, EDGE超过普通2G和3G的定义。

wikipedia

1 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

2 implements   

n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements. 原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• They ordered quantities of farm implements. 他们订购了大量农具。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3 multimedia   

adj.多种手段的，多媒体的；n.多媒体

参考例句：

• Multimedia is the combination of computer and video technology.多媒体是计算机和视频技术的结合。
• Adam raised the issue of multimedia applications and much useful discussion ensued.亚当提出了多媒体应用的问题，从而引发了许多有益的讨论。

4 modulation   

n.调制

参考例句：

• The soft modulation of her voice soothed the infant. 她柔和的声调使婴儿安静了。
• Frequency modulation does not allow static to creep in. 频率调制不允许静电干扰混入。

5 robustness   

坚固性，健壮性；鲁棒性

参考例句：

• There were other reasons for concern about the robustness of an economic recovery. 人们还有其他一些原因对经济恢复的健全程度表示关心。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• Robustness analysis attracts more and more attention in these years. 鲁棒性分析是近几年学术界较为关注的问题。 来自互联网

6 incremental   

adj.增加的

参考例句：

• For logic devices, the incremental current gain is very important. 对于逻辑器件来说，提高电流增益是非常重要的。 来自辞典例句
• By using an incremental approach, the problems involving material or geometric nonlinearity have been solved. 借应用一种增量方法，已经解决了包括材料的或几何的非线性问题。 来自辞典例句

7 decoding   

n.译码，解码v.译（码），解（码）( decode的现在分词 )；分析及译解电子信号

参考例句：

• We cannot add any other memory to this system without further decoding. 如果不增加译码，就不能使系统的存贮容量有任何扩展。 来自辞典例句
• Examples using the 8250 will be presented in hardware section to clarify full-decoding schemes. 在硬件一节中有应用说明全译码方案8250的例子。 来自辞典例句

8 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

9 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

10 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

11 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

12 transcends   

超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的第三人称单数 )； 优于或胜过…

参考例句：

• The chemical dilution technique transcends most of the difficulties. 化学稀释法能克服大部分困难。
• The genius of Shakespeare transcends that of all other English poets. 莎士比亚的才华胜过所有的其他英国诗人。