研究显示 高量维生素D可能增加女性乳腺癌存活率

 　　Women with high vitamin D levels in their blood following a breast cancer diagnosis¹ are more likely to survive the disease, a new study said last Thursday.

　　据上周四公布的一项最新研究显示，患乳腺癌的女性如果血液中维生素D的含量较高，那么她的存活率将会更大。

　　While the mechanisms² for how vitamin D influences breast cancer outcomes are not well understood, researchers believed it may be related to its role in promoting normal mammary-cell development, and inhibiting³ the reproduction of and promoting the death of cancer cells.

　　尽管维生素D如何影响乳腺癌的机制还没有被很好地理解，但是研究人员认为这也许和维生素D在促进正常乳腺细胞发育、抑制癌细胞产生，以及促进癌细胞死亡过程中的作用有关。

　　The current study, published by the US journal JAMA Oncology, included 1,666 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2006 and 2013.

　　目前这份研究被刊载在美国杂志《JAMA肿瘤学》上，研究的对象包括在2006年到2013年之间确诊患有乳腺癌的1666名女性。

　　These participants provided blood samples within two months of diagnosis and answered questions about diet, lifestyle and other risk factors, with follow-ups at six months and at two, four, six and eight years.

　　这些参与者提供了确诊患病后2个月内的血液样本，并且回答了有关饮食、生活习惯、以及其他风险因素等问题，后续访问的时间分别是6个月、2年、4年、6年、8年之后。

　　研究显示 高量维生素D可能增加女性乳腺癌存活率

　　Vitamin D is a nutrient⁴ best known for its role in maintaining healthy bones, and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk for several cancers.

　　维生素D是一种营养物质，最为人所知的作用就是保持骨骼的健康，而缺乏维生素D已经被证实会加大患有某些癌症的风险。

　　Common sources of vitamin D include sun exposure, fatty fish oils, vitamin supplements, and fortified⁵ milks and cereals.

　　维生素D的常见来源包括晒太阳、鱼油、维生素药物以及强化牛奶和谷物。

　　"We found that women with the highest levels of vitamin D levels had about a 30 percent better likelihood of survival than women with the lowest levels of vitamin D,"senior author Lawrence Kushi at the Kaiser Permanent Northern California Division of Research, said in a statement.

　　“凯撒永久”财团北加州研究分支机构的资深作家劳伦斯·库什在一份声明中说道：“我们发现，相比于那些体内维生素D含量最低的女性来说，体内维生素含量最高的女性的存活率要高30%。”

　　Although the study did not examine the effects of vitamin D intake⁶ from foods versus⁷ supplements, Kushi noted⁸ that it supports the recommended daily levels of vitamin D -- 600 international units for those one to 70 years old and pregnant or breastfeeding women, and 800 international units for those over 71 years old.

　　虽然这份研究没有对从食物和维生素药物中摄取维生素D这两种方式的影响进行比较，但是库什指出了研究支持的维生素每日推荐摄取水平--不到70岁的女性、孕妇、以及哺乳期的女性每日600国际单位；71岁以上的女性每日摄取800国际单位的维生素D。

　　"The more we know about vitamin D, the more we understand that it may play a key role in cancer prevention and prognosis," Kushi said. "This study adds to the evidence that vitamin D is an important nutrient."

　　库什说道：“我们对维生素D了解得越多，我们就越能理解维生素D也许在癌症预防和治疗中起着十分关键的作用。这份研究进一步证明了维生素D是一种非常重要的营养物质。”

1 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

2 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 inhibiting   

抑制作用的，约束的

参考例句：

• The high cost of borrowing is inhibiting investment by industry in new equipment. 借款的高成本抑制了企业对新设备的投资。
• The pesticides affect the nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase. 这类农药抑制胆碱酯酶而影响神经系统。

4 nutrient   

adj.营养的，滋养的；n.营养物，营养品

参考例句：

• Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
• The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。

5 fortified   

adj. 加强的

参考例句：

• He fortified himself against the cold with a hot drink. 他喝了一杯热饮御寒。
• The enemy drew back into a few fortified points. 敌人收缩到几个据点里。

6 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

7 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

8 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。