并列平行结构备考GRE阅读

 　　英语常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上的同等成分，而这种结构我们称之为并列平行结构，而比较常用的连词有：and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or , not only…but also, either…or,以及neither…nor等等。一般说来连接的同等成分可以是两个或几个动词，两个或几个动词的宾语，两个或几个名词的定语，两个或几个介词短语等。如果并列连词连接的是两个或几个简单句，就构成了一个并列句。这里举几个小的例子：

　　In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but has also raised the level of performance in every area.这句话的中文意思是：事实上，私有化不仅挽救了个别企业和走向毁灭的整个经济，而且还提高了各行业的运作水平。在这个句子中，用and连接了individual industries和a whole economy这两个作为动词rescued的宾语，并且还使用了not only…but also连接了rescued和raised这两个动词引导的平行的谓语成分。

　　但是需要注意的是并不是每个and简单的认为它只有连接作用，其实它的用法在英语中十分丰富，它在句子中可以表示许多不同的目的。例如：We were singing and dancing.我们又唱又跳。The old lady fell down in the street and broke her leg.老妇人跌倒在街上，腿都摔断了(表示结果)。Fix the bicycle and I’ll pay you $6.修理这辆自行车，我就付给你6美元(表示条件)。He finished his homework and made for the dining room.他作完家庭作业后去了食堂(表示连续)。The girl grows up and still knows nothing about her family.这女孩长大了，对家里的事还是一无所知(表示对比)。

　　此外其他的并列连词都各表示不同的意义：but，yet表示对比;either…or…, neither…nor…表示选择;so表示结果;for表示原因等等。

　　But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a larger supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society.

　　句子解析：这个句子的两个since引导的处于并列关系的原因状语从句，在主句中unless accompanied by other measures作为插入语表示让步分割了谓语部分。

　　句子翻译：但是，既然贫穷与穷人可得到的货币绝对供应量无关，而是无权利所造成的，既然用一定量的货币所能购买的权力量随着一个社会获得的商品和服务量的增加而下降，那么提高穷人收入的解决办法在一个富裕社会很可能不会奏效，除非同时采取其他的措施。

　　The time has long since arrived to recognize commercial representation as a profession per se, the successful exercise of which is positively¹ correlated with careful initial selection of commercial representatives, the level and content of their formal education and specialized² training, the length and variety of their pertinent³ experience, and the quality of support they receive from the trade promotion⁴ or ministry⁵ at home.

　　句子解析：这句话的主干部分十分短小：The time has long. Since引导的状语从句部分都是为了说明驻外商务代表成为专门的业务时其相关的一些情况，在exercise of后面的which代表的是commercial representation，后面有几个用and连接的与选择好驻外商务代表相关的要考虑的东西: the level and content of their formal education and specialized training; the length and variety of their pertinent experience和the quality of support。

　　句子翻译：驻外商务代表的工作实际上是一种专门的业务---早就应该这样看待这个问题。要把这项工作做好，首先是要选择好驻外商务代表。要考虑他们所受的正规教育和专门培训的程度和内容，他们过去有哪些和有多少相关的经验，以及他们能够从国内的贸易促进机构和贸易部得到什么样的支持。

 

1 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

2 specialized   

adj.专门的，专业化的

参考例句：

• There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
• These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。

3 pertinent   

adj.恰当的；贴切的；中肯的；有关的；相干的

参考例句：

• The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
• These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。

4 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

5 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。