英译汉中常考的短语及句型-1

1.as 引导的特殊状语丛句，翻译时作定语丛句处理
例："In short", a leader of the new school contends , "the scientific revolution ,as we all it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directinons."(1994年考研试题)
[译文] 新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简言之，我们所称之为的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用。这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”

2.anyting but 根本不；nothing but 只不过是；all but 几乎，差一点；除……以外其余都是；but for 要不是；but ＋丛句，若不是……
例1.：Alone in a deserted¹ house , he was so busy with his rescarch work that he felt anything but lonely.(1990年考研试题)
[译文]：虽然他孤独一人住在这幢房子里，但他埋头于研究工作，一点也没有感到孤独。
[注释]：句中 anything but 意为 except。试对比：He seldom talked of anyting butthe experssion of the necessary mode of working of the human mind ; it is simply the mode by all phenomena² are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.(1993年考研试题)
[译文]：科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活的的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨的表达方式。
例3.The party was all but over when we arrived.
[译文]：我们到达时，聚会已近尾声。
[注释]：此句中 all but 意为 nearly , almost。
例4.But for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday .
[译文]：要不是因为下雨，我们的假日一定过得很惬意。

3.“名词，＋or ＋名词”结构中 or 后的名词是同位语，应译为“即……；或者称……”
例：Moreover , technology includes techniques, or ways to do things ,as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.
[译文]：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。

4.“...，only to ＋动词”意为“……，结果却……”
例:They don''t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre , the cinema or the opera ,only to discover,perhaps, that the show is disappionting .(1995年考研试题)
[译文]：他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的戏票，结果却发现，所演的节目令人失望。
[注释]：“..., only to ＋v.”表示句子谓语动作的目的相反结果。

5. not nearly 永远不
例：Food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this , which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing³ food.(1991年考研试题)
[译文]：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。

6. not so much ... as ... 与其说……不如说……
例1.Science moves forward , they say , not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like imporoved techniques and tools.(1994年考研试题)
[译文]：他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。
例2.The conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely⁴ lifestyle as busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.(1995年考研试题)
[译文]：美国人所需要的各种便利条件与其说是反映一种从容不迫的生活方式，还不如说反映一种忙碌的生活方式。在这种忙碌的生活方式中甚至几分钟时间都得珍惜。
[注释]：
1) not so much as 连在一起写，则意为“连……都不(肯)”
如：He didn''t so much as thank me for returning his money that I find .
我把找到的钱还给他，他却连谢都不肯谢。
2)该句型有时也用 not so much ... but ...
如：The important thing is not so much the actual population of the world , but its rate of increase.重要的与其说是世界的实际人口量，还不如说是人口的增长率。
3).要注意“not so much ... but ... ”与“not so ＋形容词＋but＋丛句”之意的区别，后者意为“虽然……但是……”
例如：The bridge was not so crowded but the bicycles could go through .
这桥上虽然很拥挤，但是自行车还能穿过去。

1 deserted   

adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的

参考例句：

• The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
• The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。

2 phenomena   

n.现象

参考例句：

• Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
• The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。

3 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

4 leisurely   

adj.悠闲的；从容的，慢慢的

参考例句：

• We walked in a leisurely manner,looking in all the windows.我们慢悠悠地走着，看遍所有的橱窗。
• He had a leisurely breakfast and drove cheerfully to work.他从容的吃了早餐，高兴的开车去工作。