英译汉中常考的短语及句型-2

7.much less , still less 引导的词组或丛句，表示一种追加的否定
less 是由 little 的否定意义而来的，所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中，意为“更不必说”。to say nothing of , not to speak of , not to mention , let alone 意为“更不消说”，也是一种追补的说法。但它们与 much less 和 still less 有所不同，这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，则追加的也是肯定意义。如果前一句是否定，则追加的也是否定意义。
例1.I could not agree to , much less paticipate in such proceedings¹.
[译文]：我不能同意这种行为，更谈不上参加这些行动了。
例2.He knows little of mathematics , and still less of chemistry .(1991 年考研试题)
[译文]：他几乎不懂数学，更不用说化学了。)
例3. In old China , there was hardly any machine-building industry , to say nothing of an eletronic industry.(1985 年考研试题)
[译文]：在旧中国，几乎没有什么机器制作工业，更不用说电子工业了。
例4. I don''t konw algebra² or geomtry , not to mention calculus³.
[译文]：我连代数几何都不懂，更不必说微积分了。
例5. I can''t add two and tow , let alone do fraction .
[译文]：我2加2都不会，更不用说做分数题了。
注意：《美国成语词典》认为 let alone 只能用于追加的否定，但是，有的词典认为，该短语也可以引导追加的肯定。例如：There were five people in the car , let alone the luggage and the two dogs .车里已经坐了五个人了，行李和那两条狗就不带走了。

8. no more ... than ... 和……一样都不……
例1. The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach , for they are both controlled by the brain.( 1994 年考研试题)
[译文]：心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。
例2. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take , any more than they can limit how much water you drink.( 1993年考研试题)
[译文]：他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。

9. more ... than ... 与其……不如……
例1. He is a man who is more brave than wise .
[译文]：与其说他是一个勇敢的人，不如说他是一个聪明人。
[注释]：
1). more ... than 常用来比较同一个人或者同一个事物的两种不同特征。
又如：He is more mad than stupid.他与其说是笨，不如说是疯。
2). more than ＋丛句(句中有 can 或 could )：实在不能……。
例如：Some of the suggestions are more than we can accept .有些建议我们实在不能接受。
3). not more ＋名词＋than ＋句词：与……一样(是)，
如：A big elephant is not more an animal than a little cat is .大象和小猫也一样是动物。
4). (be) more of a ... than a ... ：与其说是……不如说是……，
如：He is more of a politican than a scholar.与其说他是个学者，不如说是个政客。

10. no less than 简直是，实在是
例1. It is no less than blackmail⁴ to ask such a high price .
[译文]：如此索要高价，简直是敲诈。

1 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

2 algebra   

n.代数学

参考例句：

• He was not good at algebra in middle school.他中学时不擅长代数。
• The boy can't figure out the algebra problems.这个男孩做不出这道代数题。

3 calculus   

n.微积分；结石

参考例句：

• This is a problem where calculus won't help at all.对于这一题，微积分一点也用不上。
• After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.学了微积分之后，你们就能够解这些数学题了。

4 blackmail   

n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索，胁迫，恫吓

参考例句：

• She demanded ＄1000 blackmail from him.她向他敲诈了1000美元。
• The journalist used blackmail to make the lawyer give him the documents.记者讹诈那名律师交给他文件。