研究:数学公式竟能帮助马拉松运动员

    According to the Livescience of October 21, a new study promises a mathematical solution to keep marathoners far from "hitting the wall".
    一项最近研究发现，一种数学方法可以帮助马拉松运动员远离“速度障碍”。
    By taking into account the energy it takes to run a marathon, the body's energy storage capacity and the runner's power, the researchers were able to accurately¹ calculate how many energy-rich carbohydrates² a runner needed to eat before race day and how fast to run to complete all 26.2 miles (42 kilometers).
    研究人员将一项马拉松运动需要消耗的能量、人体体内能量储存量和运动员的能量等因素综合考虑之后，他们精确计算出一个马拉松运动员在赛前应该补充的高能量碳水化合物的量以及如何快速跑完26.2英里的比赛全程（42千米）。
    "Quantification is really important for a competitive athlete who wants to know, 'can I run at a target pace of six minutes per mile, or is that too fast, or do I have to go six minutes and 10 seconds per mile?'" study researcher Benjamin Rapoport, an M.D.-Ph.D. student in the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, told LiveScience. "That difference can make the difference between hitting the wall and actually meeting your goal."研究人员、哈佛大学和麻省理工大学健康科学与技术学院双博士本杰明 拉波波特告诉生活科学网站，“量化对竞技运动员非常重要，他们经常问‘我能够达到既定6分钟一英里的速度吗？这个速度是不是太快？或我必须每英里用时6分10秒吗？’这些问题。量化的不同或者给运动员带来‘速度障碍’，或者让他们完成自己的目标。”
    Rapoport knows what it's like to hit the wall. He's been running marathons for years, and experienced the exhaustion³ and pain of running out of fuel in the 2005 New York City Marathon.
    拉波波特非常了解“速度障碍”，多年来他参加过很多场马拉松比赛，在2005年纽约城市马拉松比赛中他也体验过身体疲惫的状态，感受到体内能量耗尽的感觉。
    "It feels a bit like you might feel if you're on a crash diet," Rapoport said. "Except that when you diet, it happens over the course of a few days, whereas a runner experiences it in the course of a few minutes."拉波波特说：“‘速度障碍’就像你在进行突然的节食，不同在于节食发生在几天这样的阶段中，而马拉松跑步发生在几分钟的时间里。”
    The ability to run long distances depends mainly on three factors, Rapoport said. The major one — the one that separates casual runners from elite⁴ athletes — is aerobic⁵ capacity, also known as VO2max. The VO2max is like the power output of a motor, Rapoport said. It's the maximum rate at which the muscles can take up oxygen to keep working.
    拉波波特说，长距离跑步的能力主要取决于三个因素：第一个因素是有氧代谢能力，它能让优秀运动员在普通运动员中脱颖而出，它也被称为最大氧耗量。最大氧耗量就像机动车的能量输出功率，就是肌肉吸收氧气继续工作的最高速度。
    The next factor is the energy cost of running, which is the equivalent to miles per gallon in an automobile⁶. The final factor is the body's gas tank: the storage space available for carbohydrates, particularly glycogen stored in the liver and muscles that is the body's main fuel during exercise.
    第二个因素是运动能量消耗，相当于汽车每英里消耗汽油加仑量。最后一个因素是人体气体存储：用于存储碳水化合物的空间，尤其是肝脏和肌肉内的糖原，它是人体进行运动时主要能量元素。

1 accurately   

adv.准确地，精确地

参考例句：

• It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
• Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。

2 carbohydrates   

n.碳水化合物，糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 )；淀粉质或糖类食物

参考例句：

• The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句

3 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。

4 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

5 aerobic   

adj.需氧的，增氧健身法的，有氧的

参考例句：

• Aerobic exercise helps to build up stamina.有氧健身操有助于增强耐力。
• Aerobic dance is conductive to the health.有氧舞蹈有助于健康。

6 automobile   

n.汽车，机动车

参考例句：

• He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。