诺贝尔奖得主奖金都是怎么花的？

 　　Nobel laureates sometimes display as much ingenuity¹ when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place.

　　有的诺贝尔奖得主使用奖金的方式就像他们的获奖作品一样匠心独运。

　　When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided² to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant "financial independence."

　　2001年获得诺贝尔医学奖后，保罗?纳斯爵士决定升级摩托车。1993年诺贝尔医学奖得主之一理查德?罗伯茨在家门口铺了一个槌球草坪。2004年诺贝尔文学奖得主、奥地利作家埃尔弗里德?耶利内克表示，奖金意味着“财务独立”。

　　Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among laureates.

　　诺贝尔奖基金会执行董事拉斯?黑肯斯坦表示，诺奖得主没有明显的消费趋势。

　　"I think it depends a lot on which country they come from, their personal finances... what kind of incomes they have when they get the prize, and where they are in life," he said.

　　“我认为，这在很大程度上取决于他们来自哪国、个人财务状况如何……获奖时收入怎样、生活状况如何，”他说。

　　诺贝尔奖得主奖金都是怎么花的？

　　Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on.

　　然而，房地产是个受欢迎的选择，至少在那些愿意透露花钱方式的得主中是这样。

　　Over a million dollars sounds like a lot but it is often shared between several winners, diluting³ their Nobel spending power.

　　一百多万美元的奖金听起来很多，但往往是几个得主共享，分摊后能花的就不多了。

　　Wolfgang Ketterle at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who shared the 2001 physics prize with two colleagues, put his share towards a house and his children's education.

　　麻省理工学院物理学教授沃夫冈?克特勒与两位同事平分了2001年诺贝尔物理学奖，他用自己那份奖金买了栋房子，剩下的则用作孩子的教育资金。

　　"Since half goes to taxes in the US, there was nothing (more) left," he said.

　　“因为一半奖金在美国交了税，剩下的就没（多少）了，”他说。

　　Phillip Sharp, the American co-winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100-year-old Federal style house.

　　美国的菲利普?夏普是1993年诺贝尔医学奖得主之一，他用大笔奖金买了幢有百年历史的联邦风格别墅。

　　"I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house... It's a beautiful old place," he told AFP, adding that "The money is a nice part of the process" but "the important thing about the prize is the recognition."

　　“我拿到那笔钱，然后就买了幢大点的别墅……真是个漂亮的老房子，”他告诉法新社记者。他还说：“奖金是这个奖项的美妙之处，但重要的是，这个奖是一种认可。”

　　For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honour tends to go to politicians, organisations and activists⁴ who are under more public scrutiny⁵.

　　对于和平奖得主，奖金的去向则比较明确，因为得奖的往往是公众关注比较多的政治家、组织和活动家。

　　Many, like US President Barack Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities.

　　许多得主都将奖金捐赠给慈善机构，比如2009年获奖的美国总统奥巴马以及2012年获奖的欧盟。

　　Others support pet projects: the 2008 winner, former Finnish president Martti Ahtisaari, said he would finance a conflict resolution group he had set up.

　　也有人用在个人偏爱的项目上：2008年的得主、芬兰前总统马尔蒂?阿赫蒂萨里表示，他将资助自己成立的一个冲突化解组织。

　　But there has been one notable exception to the charitable giving.

　　但这项奖金也有个用于慈善之外的著名案例。

　　Former US president Woodrow Wilson won the prize in 1920 but left it in a Swedish bank to earn interest, apparently⁶ because he was concerned about life after retirement⁷ in an age when former presidents got no government pension, according to one biography.

　　美国前总统伍德罗?威尔逊赢得了1920年的大奖，但把奖金存进了瑞典银行生利息，根据一本传记的观点，他这么做显然是因为担心退休后的生活，因为在那个年代，总统退休后没有政府养老金。

　　Literature laureates tend to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward⁸.

　　文学奖得主往往不会公开奖金使用方式，但他们的选择通常也很明确。

　　"Even if Nobel-winning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writing," said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University.

　　“虽然获得诺贝尔奖的作家都颇有名气，但很多人没靠写作赚到钱，”瑞典乌普萨拉大学的诺贝尔文学专家安娜?甘德说。

　　While the prize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly⁹ have the opposite effect.

　　虽然奖金能让他们过几年衣食无忧的生活，令他们能自由写作，但也可能在短时期内产生相反效果。

　　"It really changes their careers... During the first year after they've won they often write less, but they generally continue after a year or two," said Gunder.

　　“奖金真的会改变他们的职业生涯……得奖后一年内，他们的写作量往往会降低，但通常一两年后就会恢复正常，”甘德说。

　　Vocabulary

　　laureate: 获得荣誉者；获奖者

　　croquet: 槌球游戏

　　splash out: 大手大脚地花钱

　　keep the wolf from the door: 勉强度日，免于饥饿

1 ingenuity   

n.别出心裁；善于发明创造

参考例句：

• The boy showed ingenuity in making toys.那个小男孩做玩具很有创造力。
• I admire your ingenuity and perseverance.我钦佩你的别出心裁和毅力。

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 diluting   

稀释，冲淡( dilute的现在分词 )； 削弱，使降低效果

参考例句：

• A companion would have been a distraction, diluting the pathos of the moment. 要是有一个伴侣在旁就会分散我的注意，冲淡此时此刻的哀婉之情。
• Diluting agent has certain transparency for ink multi-color overprint. 冲淡剂具有必定的透明量，适分油不朱的众色叠印。

4 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 scrutiny   

n.详细检查，仔细观察

参考例句：

• His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。
• Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

6 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

7 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

8 straightforward   

adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的

参考例句：

• A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。
• I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。

9 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。