金钱能够买来幸福

 　　Forget what your parents, your self-help guides or your religion may have told you: money can buy you happiness.

　　忘了你的父母、你的自助指南或者你所信仰的宗教可能告诉你的话吧：金钱能够买来幸福。

　　That, at least, is the conclusion from the number crunchers at the UK’s Office for National Statistics,who have combined data from surveys on household wealth and personal wellbeing.

　　这至少是英国国家统计局(Office for National Statistics)统计人员得出的结论，他们把有关家庭财富与个人幸福感的调查数据结合起来分析。

　　Life satisfaction, sense of worth and happiness are higher, and anxiety less, as the level of household wealth increases,” the ONS said in a paper released on Friday.

　　英国国家统计局在上周五发布的一篇论文中表示：“随着家庭财富水平上升，生活满意度、价值感以及幸福感会提升，忧虑会减少。”

　　Indeed, one very specific type of money has the strongest relationship with wellbeing: net financial wealth, which could be stocks and shares, savings¹ in the banks or money under the mattress².

　　实际上，有一类财富与幸福感的关系最为密切：金融财富净值，它们可能是股票证券、银行存款或放在床垫下的钱。

　　However, Generation Rent — young people struggling to get on the housing ladder — need not despair entirely³. The ONS found that increasing property or personal pension wealth did not result in a measurable increase in wellbeing. Levels of household income — rather than assets alreadyowned — were also far less strongly related.

　　然而，租房一代(年轻人很难购房)不必感到绝望。英国国家统计局发现，房地产或个人养老金财富的增加不会带来幸福感的显著上升。家庭收入水平(而非已拥有资产)与幸福感的关系也谈不上密切。

　　Surprisingly, although physical assets such as antiques, yachts, swish cars or stamp collections might induce smugness, the ONS found they had no relation to levels of personal wellbeing, which may or may not disprove the theory that it is nicer to cry in a Ferrari than on a park bench.

　　令人意外的是，尽管古董、游艇、豪车或集邮等有形资产可能会让人沾沾自喜，但英国国家统计局发现，这些与个人幸福感毫不相关，这或许可以——也或许不可以——证明这种理论是错误的：在法拉利(Ferrari)车里哭泣要好于在公园长椅上哭。

　　The ONS asked individuals to rate their own wellbeing on a scale of 0 to 10, on questions such ashow satisfied they were with life and were the things they did worthwhile? These responses were then crunched⁴ alongside household wealth and income, with the statistical⁵ model controlling for variables such as gender⁶ or ethnicity, to see what impact wealth or income had on an otherwise alike individual.

　　英国国家统计局邀请个人对自己的幸福感打分，分值从零分到10分，问题包括他们对生活的满意程度以及他们所做的事情是否有意义。接着将这些答案与家庭财富和收入结合起来。这一统计模型对性别或种族等变量进行了控制，以了解财富或收入对其他条件都相同的个人的影响。

　　The ONS is confident the relationships it describes are statistically⁷ significant. For net financialwealth, for example, those in the bottom 20 per cent scored themselves on average 0.4 pointslower than those in the middle 20 per cent.

　　英国国家统计局确信，其所描述的关系具有重大统计意义。例如，就金融财富净值而言，那些处于最低20%的人群给自己的打分比处于中间20%的人群平均低0.4点。

　　The report is the latest entry into the debate about whether it is absolute or relative income andwealth that matter when it comes to improving wellbeing.

　　这份报告是围绕以下辩论的最新尝试：在提升幸福感的问题上，是绝对收入和财富重要，还是相对收入和财富重要。

　　For instance, in influential⁸ papers, the economists¹⁰ Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers tried to findevidence to support the idea that what matters for wellbeing is how you compare with thosearound you — in other words, keeping up with the Joneses. They failed.

　　例如，经济学家贝齐史蒂文森(Betsey Stevenson)和贾斯廷茠尔弗斯(Justin Wolfers)在一些引起重大影响的论文中试图找到证据，支持这种观点：对于幸福感而言，重要的是你如何与周围的人比较，换句话说，跟社会地位相同的人比较。他们失败了。

　　After looking at multiple countries and numerous definitions of wellbeing and basic needs, they concluded: “If there is a satiation point [at which income and wellbeing are no longer related], we are yet to reach it”.

　　在对多个国家的情况以及关于幸福感和基本需求的多种定义进行考察后，他们总结称：“如果说存在一个收入和幸福感不再相关的饱和点(satiation point)的话，那么我们现在还没有达到这个点。”

　　More importantly for policymakers, perhaps, they found that countries that enjoyed faster economic growth, on average also experienced greater growth in wellbeing.

　　或许，对于政策制定者而言更为重要的是，两位经济学家发现，经济增速较快国家的幸福感上升速度一般较快。

　　In 2006, David Cameron, then opposition¹¹ leader, urged statisticians to focus more alternative measures of the national quality of life. “Wellbeing cannot be measured by money or traded in markets,” he said.

　　2006年，时任反对党领袖的戴维愠蕓伦(David Cameron)曾敦促统计学家更多关注其他衡量国民生活质量的指标。他表示：“幸福不能由金钱衡量，也不能在市场交易。”

　　Yet the new statistics, which resulted from his policy drive, suggest perhaps you can have a good go.

　　然而源自于他的政策举措的最新统计结果表明，或许人们可以试试这么做。

　　Diane Coyle, founder¹² of Enlightenment Economics, is one economist⁹ who thinks statistics should be focused on more tangible¹³ outcomes.

　　Enlightenment Economics创始人、经济学家戴安娜科伊尔(Diane Coyle)认为，统计应着眼于更切实的收入。

　　" I don’t think we should be measuring happiness at all. It is not a ‘policy useful’ measure. The government doesn’t have levers that easily affect happiness, and should concentrate on the things that government can do,” she said, pointing to employment or spending on mental health.

　　她表示：“我认为，我们根本不应该衡量幸福感。这不是一个‘对政策有用’的指标。政府没有办法轻易影响幸福感，应关注于政府能够采取的措施。”她指的是就业或者心理健康支出。

　　In previous work by the ONS, good health, type of employment and personal relationships have proved to have the strongest links to high levels of self-reported wellbeing. At least the first two are something the government can do something about.

　　在英国国家统计局之前的研究成果中，良好的健康状况、就业类型以及人际关系被证明为与自我报告的幸福感水平关系最为密切。至少，前两个是政府能够为之付出努力的。

　　And if you don’t believe the ONS, you might agree with Ronald Reagan when he said: “Money can’t buy happiness, but it will certainly get you a better class of memories.”

　　如果你不相信英国国家统计局的数据，你或许会同意罗纳德里根(Ronald Reagan)的话，他说：“金钱买不来幸福，但肯定会提升你的回忆。”

　　本文中重难点词汇短语解释：

　　satisfaction：n. 满意，满足;赔偿;乐事;赎罪

　　例句：Both sides expressed satisfaction with the progress so far.

　　双方都对目前的进展表示满意。

　　mattress：n. 床垫;褥子;空气垫

　　例句：She laid a spring mattress under the sheet.

　　她在床单下面铺了一个弹簧床垫。

　　stamp：n. 邮票;印记;标志;跺脚

　　例句：It is a good way to soak off the stamp from an envelope.

　　从信封上取下邮票的好方法就是把它浸掉下来

　　smugness：n. 矫矜;装模做样

　　例句：He had the smugness that many lawyers show.

　　他有着许多律师身上都有的那种自命不凡。

　　statistical ：adj. 统计的;统计学的

　　例句：The report contains a great deal of statistical information.

　　该报告包含大量统计资料。

　　numerous：adj. 许多的，很多的

　　例句：Sex crimes were just as numerous as they are today.

　　当时的性犯罪与现在一样多。

　　be focused on：集中于

　　例句：This lecture will be focused on the second question.

　　这次的讲座将主要集中于第二个问题。

　　concentrate on：集中精力于;全神贯注于

　　例句：In this tutorial we concentrate on the results of compounding rather than the mathematics behind it.

　　在这份指南里我们集中在结果上而不后面的数学计算。

1 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

2 mattress   

n.床垫，床褥

参考例句：

• The straw mattress needs to be aired.草垫子该晾一晾了。
• The new mattress I bought sags in the middle.我买的新床垫中间陷了下去。

3 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

4 crunched   

v.嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼( crunch的过去式和过去分词 )；嘎吱作响；（快速大量地）处理信息；数字捣弄

参考例句：

• Our feet crunched on the frozen snow. 我们的脚嘎吱嘎吱地踩在冻雪上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He closed his jaws on the bones and crunched. 他咬紧骨头，使劲地嚼。 来自英汉文学 - 热爱生命

5 statistical   

adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。

6 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

7 statistically   

ad.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看

参考例句：

• The sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大，所以统计数据更令人满意。
• The results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。

8 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

9 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

10 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

12 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

13 tangible   

adj.有形的，可触摸的，确凿的，实际的

参考例句：

• The policy has not yet brought any tangible benefits.这项政策还没有带来任何实质性的好处。
• There is no tangible proof.没有确凿的证据。