低头党注意！常常玩手机的九大风险

 1. Cyber Sickness

晕屏症

Also called "digital motion sickness," symptoms that range from headaches to woozy feelings can occur when you quickly scroll¹ on your smart phone or watch action-packed video on your screen.

这种病也被称为“数字晕车”，症状包括头痛、甚至出现头昏眼花的感觉，这种病可能会发生在你快速刷屏或者看让人觉得很刺激的视频的时候。

The sensation results from a mismatch between sensory² inputs³, Steven Rauch, medical director of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Balance and Vestibular Center and a professor of otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, told the New York Times.

这种感觉是由感官输入的不匹配引起的，马萨诸塞州眼科顾问、来自哈佛大学医学院耳鼻喉科的教授史蒂芬·劳奇对《纽约时报》说道。

“Your sense of balance is different than other senses in that it has lots of inputs,” he said. “When those inputs don’t agree, that’s when you feel dizziness and nausea⁴.” In other words, you experience a "sensory conflict" when you see an active motion but don't physically⁵ feel it.

“与其他感官不同，当有大量信息输入时，人的平衡感会发生改变。”他说，“当输入无效的时候，你就会感到头晕甚至恶心。”换句话说，当你看到一种主动行为而身体却没办法感受到的时候，你就会有一种“感官冲突”的感觉。

Digital motion sickness can happen to anyone, though studies reveal the affliction effects more women than men. Those who have a history of migraines are also more susceptible⁶.

数字晕车这种病在任何人的身上都有可能发生，研究表明，就这种病的发病率而言，女性比男性更高。那些有偏头痛病史的人也同样容易的患这种病。

2. Text Claw

手机依赖症

Avid⁷ texters and Candy Crush enthusiasts⁸ may be subject to text claw, the unofficial term for soreness and cramping⁹ felt in the fingers, wrist and forearm after heavy smartphone use. Any specific motor activity can cause pain in the tendons and muscles when done repeatedly, so if you're always on your phone, it makes sense to feel discomfort¹⁰ in your hands and forearm.

拇指族或者玩太多的糖果大冒险游戏的人都容易得手机依赖症。所谓“手机依赖症”，是对玩手机过多而导致手指、手腕和前臂疼痛甚至出现痉挛的非官方说法。任何不断重复的机械动作都会使经脉跟肌肉感到疼痛。所以如果你还是整天玩手机的话，那你的手跟手臂酸痛就说得通了。

There's not much to be done for preventing the pain (unless you'd like to stop using your devices!), but there are ways to alleviate¹¹ it. Hand stretches, massage¹² and hot/cold treatment can help.

对于这种痛没有什么补救办法（除非你别用那些设备了！），但是有很多办法可以减轻。手部拉伸与按摩以及冷热处理都能有所帮助。

3. Eye Strain

眼睛疲劳

Do you stare at a screen for hours on end? If you're reading this, you very well might. Any activity that requires active use of your eyes -- driving, reading and writing included -- cancause eye fatigue¹³. Staring at your digital devices for long periods of time can lead to sore, irritated and dry eyes, headaches and fatigue, which, in turn, can decrease your productivity. In most cases, eye strain is not a serious issue and can be rectified¹⁴ with "screen breaks," or just taking some time out from the Google machine.

你是不是会一直盯着手机屏幕好几个小时？如果你会的话， 你很可能会眼睛疲劳。任何活动都需要用到眼睛，比如开车、读书还有写东西，这些都会导致眼睛疲劳。长时间盯着你的电子设备会导致眼睛酸痛、发炎、干涩、头痛以及疲劳，从而降低你的生产能力。大部分情况下，眼睛疲劳并不会太严重，并且不看屏幕了就会得到缓解，或者只要远离谷歌设备一会儿就好了。

Experts suggest taking screen breaks every 20 minutes. For 20 seconds, let your eyes scan the room or look out the window and, if they're feeling extra dry, lubricate them with some eye drops.

专家建议每20分钟休息一次，停止看屏幕。用20秒钟来看看你的房间或者窗外，如果你还觉得眼睛有点干涩的话，再滴两滴眼药水。

4. Text Neck

短信脖

Similar to the claw, text neck -- discomfort in the neck and spine¹⁵ -- happens when you spend long periods of time looking down at your smartphone.“It is an epidemic¹⁶ or, at least, it’s very common,” Kenneth Hansraj, chief of spine surgery at New York Spine Surgery and Rehabilitation¹⁷ Medicine, told The Washington Post. “Just look around you, everyone has their heads down.” We're certainly in an era of smartphone obsession¹⁸.

短信脖跟手机依赖症有点相似，即指颈部跟脊椎的不适，是由于你长时间看手机而导致的。“这是一种流行性的，或者说，至少是很常见的病，” 纽约脊柱外科和康复医学科的主任医师肯尼斯·罕斯拉杰对华盛邮报说道：“看看你周围，每个人都低着个头。”我们已经处在一个对手机极度痴迷的时代了。

And according to expert calculations, the angle at which our big heads look down forces our spine to bear the weight of approximately 60 pounds. The habit may lead to people requiring medical spine care at a younger age. Being mindful of how far your neck bends when you're on your phone -- and bending it back to an upright position -- can help reduce the risk of text neck.

而据专家测算，我们的头向下看的角度迫使我们的脊柱承受了大约60磅的重量。这个习惯可能会导致人们年轻的时候就已经需要脊柱治疗了。看手机的时候想象你的脖子有多弯曲，然后回到直立状态，这能帮助你减少得短信脖的风险。

5. Phantom¹⁹ Vibe

震动幻觉

If you've ever imagined your phone going off in your pocket, you've experienced phantom phone vibrations²¹. The phenomenon is incredibly common: One 2012 study revealed that 90 percent of college students experienced the non-existent vibration²⁰. Experiencing fake vibes on a routine basis mirrors a kind of compulsive behavior, and can sometimes hint at feelings of anxiety.

如果你曾经想象过如果口袋里的手机响了，那你就已经体验过手机虚幻震动了。这种现象非常的常见：2012年的一项研究表明90%的大学生都经历过这种根本就不存在的幻觉。在日常中生活中出现这种幻震反映了一种强迫行为，并且有时会激起你的焦虑感。

Reduce these uncomfortable feelings by taking some breaks from your phone: While most of us have our phones nearby for all of our waking hours, doing so is not a necessity for survival. Consider scheduling time to go off the grid²² and live phone free and set some boundaries for moments and spaces where devices are not welcome. Doing so will keep the ghosts out of your pants.

别玩手机了，休息一会儿能帮你减轻这种不适感：我们大多数人在清醒的时候都会把手机放在身边，这样做并不是生存所必须的。考虑一下，安排时间去玩个失踪，远离手机，空出一些远离电子设备的时间或者空间。这样做才会让你不再出现幻觉。

6. Damaged sperm²³

损伤精子

Heat from laptops may damage sperm, according to some research. Notably²⁴, in one study published in the journal Fertility and Sterility²⁵, researchers found that storing sperm samples under a laptop decreased their motility, or ability to move, and led to more DNA²⁶ damage -- both factors that could hurt the chances of reproduction -- than samples stored normally.

一些研究表明，笔记本电脑产生的热量可能会损害到精子。值得注意的是其中一项刊登在《生育与不育》杂志上的研究，研究者们发现，相对正常储存的精子样本来说，在笔记本环境下储存的精子样本能动性（或者说活动能力）降低了，并且导致更多的DNA被破坏了。这两种因素都能影响生殖几率。

7. Pedestrian safety

行人安全

Pedestrian fatalities²⁷ are on the rise because too many smartphone users engage in distracted walking. While focused on the cyber world, many of us can lose reality of the physical one: Researchers say distracted walkers take more time to cross the street and are more likely to neglect traffic lights while less likely to look both ways. Elemental pedestrian safety knowledge is compromised by technology, and the risks are scary. To avoid injury or worse, put your phone away until you've reached a safe spot.

行人死亡人数持续上升，因为太多的手机用户走路的时候还在看手机。专注于网络世界的我们会遗忘这个有形世界的现实：研究者说分心的行人要花更长的时间来过马路，同时更容易忽视红绿灯并且不会去看路的两边。基本的行人安全知识在科技面前都没用，风险太可怕了。为了避免受伤或是更坏的结果，直到抵达安全的地方之前，请把你手机放在口袋里。

8. Overeating

暴饮暴食

It's not necessarily the phone itself that can lead to overeating, but a person's digital food porn habit. Research shows that looking at images of caloric food can incite²⁸ cravings and a person's desire to eat. If you're fallen victim to this diet trap, you might consider unsubscribing to accounts that frequently post irresistible²⁹ images.

其实并不一定是手机本身让人暴饮暴食，而是一个人在玩数字设备时产生饮食欲望的习惯。研究表明，看着那些高热量食物的图片能够激起人们对食物的欲望。如果你正是这种饮食陷阱的受害者的话，你应该要考虑卸载那些频繁发一些让人无法抗拒的图片的软件了。

1 scroll   

n.卷轴，纸卷；(石刻上的)漩涡

参考例句：

• As I opened the scroll,a panorama of the Yellow River unfolded.我打开卷轴时，黄河的景象展现在眼前。
• He was presented with a scroll commemorating his achievements.他被授予一幅卷轴，以表彰其所做出的成就。

2 sensory   

adj.知觉的，感觉的，知觉器官的

参考例句：

• Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。
• The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。

3 inputs   

n.输入( input的名词复数 )；投入；输入端；输入的数据v.把…输入电脑( input的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Uncheck the inputs checked for optimization in the previous stage. 不测试那些已经测试过的优化了的以前步骤的inputs.（变量参数）。 来自互联网
• Just in case, save in a file the inputs obtained at the previous stage. 以防万一，保存以前步骤获得的inputs（变量参数值）到一个文件中去。 来自互联网

4 nausea   

n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶)

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
• He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。

5 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

6 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

7 avid   

adj.热心的；贪婪的；渴望的；劲头十足的

参考例句：

• He is rich,but he is still avid of more money.他很富有,但他还想贪图更多的钱。
• She was avid for praise from her coach.那女孩渴望得到教练的称赞。

8 enthusiasts   

n.热心人，热衷者( enthusiast的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• A group of enthusiasts have undertaken the reconstruction of a steam locomotive. 一群火车迷已担负起重造蒸汽机车的任务。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored. 一群热心人计划修复这架飞机。 来自新概念英语第二册

9 cramping   

图像压缩

参考例句：

• The bleeding may keep my left hand from cramping. 淌血会叫我的左手不抽筋。
• This loss of sodium can cause dehydration and cramping. 钠流失会造成脱水和抽筋。

10 discomfort   

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便

参考例句：

• One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
• She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。

11 alleviate   

v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等)

参考例句：

• The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。
• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。

12 massage   

n.按摩，揉；vt.按摩，揉，美化，奉承，篡改数据

参考例句：

• He is really quite skilled in doing massage.他的按摩技术确实不错。
• Massage helps relieve the tension in one's muscles.按摩可使僵硬的肌肉松弛。

13 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

14 rectified   

[医]矫正的，调整的

参考例句：

• I am hopeful this misunderstanding will be rectified very quickly. 我相信这个误会将很快得到纠正。
• That mistake could have been rectified within 28 days. 那个错误原本可以在28天内得以纠正。

15 spine   

n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊

参考例句：

• He broke his spine in a fall from a horse.他从马上跌下摔断了脊梁骨。
• His spine developed a slight curve.他的脊柱有点弯曲。

16 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

17 rehabilitation   

n.康复，悔过自新，修复，复兴，复职，复位

参考例句：

• He's booked himself into a rehabilitation clinic.他自己联系了一家康复诊所。
• No one can really make me rehabilitation of injuries.已经没有人可以真正令我的伤康复了。

18 obsession   

n.困扰，无法摆脱的思想(或情感)

参考例句：

• I was suffering from obsession that my career would be ended.那时的我陷入了我的事业有可能就此终止的困扰当中。
• She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.她会努力忘记对克里斯托弗的迷恋。

19 phantom   

n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的

参考例句：

• I found myself staring at her as if she were a phantom.我发现自己瞪大眼睛看着她，好像她是一个幽灵。
• He is only a phantom of a king.他只是有名无实的国王。

20 vibration   

n.颤动，振动；摆动

参考例句：

• There is so much vibration on a ship that one cannot write.船上的震动大得使人无法书写。
• The vibration of the window woke me up.窗子的震动把我惊醒了。

21 vibrations   

n.摆动( vibration的名词复数 )；震动；感受；（偏离平衡位置的）一次性往复振动

参考例句：

• We could feel the vibrations from the trucks passing outside. 我们可以感到外面卡车经过时的颤动。
• I am drawn to that girl; I get good vibrations from her. 我被那女孩吸引住了，她使我产生良好的感觉。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 grid   

n.高压输电线路网；地图坐标方格；格栅

参考例句：

• In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下，要用载体把格栅密封起来。
• Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。

23 sperm   

n.精子，精液

参考例句：

• Only one sperm fertilises an egg.只有一个精子使卵子受精。
• In human reproduction,one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm.在人体生殖过程中，一个精子使一个卵子受精。

24 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

25 sterility   

n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠，消毒，无菌

参考例句：

• A major barrier to interspecific hybridization is sterility in the F1 progeny.种间杂交的主要障碍是F1代的不育性。
• Sterility is some permanent factor preventing procreation.不育是阻碍生殖的一种永久性因素。

26 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

27 fatalities   

n.恶性事故( fatality的名词复数 )；死亡；致命性；命运

参考例句：

• Several people were injured, but there were no fatalities. 有几个人受伤，但没有人死亡。
• The accident resulted in fatalities. 那宗意外道致多人死亡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

28 incite   

v.引起，激动，煽动

参考例句：

• I wanted to point out he was a very good speaker, and could incite a crowd.我想说明他曾是一个非常出色的演讲家，非常会调动群众的情绪。
• Just a few words will incite him into action.他只需几句话一将，就会干。

29 irresistible   

adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的

参考例句：

• The wheel of history rolls forward with an irresistible force.历史车轮滚滚向前，势不可挡。
• She saw an irresistible skirt in the store window.她看见商店的橱窗里有一条叫人着迷的裙子。