托福写作转承词汇分析

 　　1.增补(Addition)

　　in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.

　　2.比较(Comparison)

　　in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

　　3.对照(Contrast)

　　whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while

　　4.因果(Cause and effect)

　　because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus

　　5.强调(Emphasis)

　　certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly¹, absolutely, most imprtant

　　6.让步(Concession)

　　although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....

　　7.例证(Exemplification)

　　for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.

　　8.总结(Conclusion)

　　to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary

　　9.推断(Inference)

　　therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise

　　10.时间和空间(Time and space)

　　afterward², after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

　　大家在使用这些词的时候要先弄清哪些是副词,哪些是连词.(副词不可以连接两个句子,连词可以.)

　　以下是按照另外一种角度来概括启承转合:

　　启

　　A proverb says...... At present.......

　　As the proverb says.... Currently.....

　　Generally speaking, .... Now,....

　　In general, ..... On the Whole....

　　It is clear that.... Recently.....

　　It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......

　　承

　　First(of all), ...... Moreover, .........

　　Firstly, ............ No one can deny that....

　　In the first place, ......... Obviously.....

　　To begin with, ......... Of course, .........

　　Also, ....... Similarly,.........

　　At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that.....

　　Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......

　　In addition,..... What`s more, ..........

　　In fact........ It can be easily proved that...

　　Meanwhile......

　　转

　　But... Still, ......

　　But the problem is not so simple...

　　There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to.......

　　However, ....... To our surprise,..........

　　Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately.......

　　On the other hand, .......

　　Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........

　　Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....

　　合

　　Above all, In brief, ........

　　Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........

　　All in all, .......

　　In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........

　　As a consequence, ......... In short, .........

　　As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........

　　In summary, ....... As has been noted³, ....

　　Obviously, ......... By so doing, .....

　　On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........

　　Presumably, ....... Eventually, .........

　　To conclude, ...... Finally, ........

　　To sum up, ..... In a word, ......

　　To summarize, ........

1 undoubtedly   

adv.确实地，无疑地

参考例句：

• It is undoubtedly she who has said that.这话明明是她说的。
• He is undoubtedly the pride of China.毫无疑问他是中国的骄傲。

2 afterward   

adv.后来；以后

参考例句：

• Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏，然后吃饭。
• Afterward,the boy became a very famous artist.后来，这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。