托福阅读要先理好锻炼结构

 　　托福阅读对于很多人来说都想拿到高分，毕竟相比较来说这是一个可行性更高的部分，那么大家如何理解好托福阅读文章以便更好地解决托福阅读试题呢?下面来看看这个问题。

　　了解段落展开方式(paragraph development)对于把握与段落主题有关的修辞目的的托福阅读试题题和文章摘要题非常有效。例如，修辞目的题有时问段落的写作目的，有时问段落的结构，都等于从写作手法，即段落展开方式上问段落主题。

　　很多托福阅读文章段落属于总-分结构，即段落开始为段落主题句，其他部分为支撑细节，具体论证方式有举例、对比比较、定义、分类、提供数据支持、类比、过程描述等，此时的段落目的对应段落开始的主题句。例如，

　　例 (总-分结构)

　　Paragraph 7: About 90 percent of modern humans are right-handed: we are the only mammal with a preferential use of one hand. The part of the brain responsible for fine control and movement is located in the left cerebral¹ hemisphere, and the findings above suggest that the human brain was already asymmetrical² in its structure and function not long after 2 million years ago. Among Neanderthalers of 70,000–35,000 years ago, Marcellin Boule noted³ that the La Chapelle-aux-Saints individual had a left hemisphere slightly bigger than the right, and the same was found for brains of specimens⁴ from Neanderthal, Gibraltar, and La Quina.

　　What is the author's primary purpose in paragraph 7?

　　(A) To illustrate⁵ the importance of studying the brain

　　(B) To demonstrate that human beings are the only mammal to desire fine control of movement

　　(C) To contrast the functions of the two hemispheres of the brain

　　(D) To demonstrate that right-hand preference has existed for a long time

　　托福阅读根据一般段落的总-分结构，可以判断首句为主题句，所以第四个选项为正确答案。文中主要描述大脑左半球的功能，未与大脑右半球的功能进行比较，所以第三个选项为干扰选项。

1 cerebral   

adj.脑的，大脑的；有智力的，理智型的

参考例句：

• Your left cerebral hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.你的左半脑控制身体的右半身。
• He is a precise,methodical,cerebral man who carefully chooses his words.他是一个一丝不苟、有条理和理智的人，措辞谨慎。

2 asymmetrical   

adj.不均匀的，不对称的

参考例句：

• Most people's faces are asymmetrical.多数人的脸并不对称。
• Folds may be gentle and symmetrical,or sharp and asymmetrical.褶皱可以是平缓而对称的，也可以是陡峭而非对称的。

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

4 specimens   

n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人

参考例句：

• Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
• The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 illustrate   

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

• The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
• This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。