21世纪的能源外交简报

 Fact Sheet on Energy Diplomacy¹ in 21st Century

21世纪的能源外交简报

U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC

美国国务院，华盛顿哥伦比亚特区

October 30, 2013

2013年10月30日

Energy is at the nexus² of national security, economic prosperity and the environment. The Department of State’s work in national security, bilateral³ and multilateral diplomacy, commercial advocacy and development are widely affected⁴ by energy concerns. The Bureau of Energy Resources integrates energy security interests into foreign policy decision making, putting energy diplomacy at the forefront of U.S. foreign policy along three pillars.

能源与国家安全、经济繁荣和环境密切相关。国务院在国家安全、双边和多边外交、商业倡导和发展方面的工作都受到能源因素的广泛影响。能源资源局将能源安全利益纳入外交政策决策过程，从三个方面将能源外交置于美国外交政策的前沿。

21世纪的能源外交简报

Energy Diplomace

能源外交

To identify opportunities for geostrategic cooperation through energy in interdependent markets, we:

为了确定在互相依赖的市场上展开能源地缘战略合作的机会，我们：

Forge strong diplomatic relationships with major consumers and suppliers, anticipate the impacts of changing energy markets and leverage⁵ our role in energy-related international organizations as we recognize that energy disruptions anywhere can threaten economic growth everywhere.

建立与主要消费者和供应商的牢固的外交关系，预先考虑到变化的能源市场造成的影响，发挥我国在与能源相关的国际组织中的杠杆作用，因为我们认识到，任何地方的能源供应中断都会威胁到所有地方的经济增长。

Promote a stable and secure global energy economy by engaging foreign governments and the private sector⁶ to maintain the security of supply and pursue alternative energy options and diversification⁷ of energy types. Our efforts include effectively implementing⁸ sanctions as diplomatic tool.

推动稳定和安全的全球能源经济，与外国政府和民营部门合作，维护供应的安全，并寻求替代能源方案和能源类型的多样化。我们的努力包括有效地实施作为外交手段的制裁。

Respond to major changes in natural gas markets as they impact current and future energy choices.

对天然气市场的重大变动作出回应，因为这些变动影响到当前和未来的能源选择。

Energy World of the Future

未来的能源世界

To stimulate⁹ the market forces that will sustain Energy Transformation¹⁰ in alternative energy, electricity development, and reconstruction¹¹, we: Foster the development of regional electricity grids¹² and regulatory harmonization to create larger markets, enhance reliability¹³ and energy efficiency and facilitate integration¹⁴ and trade from clean energy sources and technologies. Encourage the establishment of financially viable¹⁵ electric power systems that can attract the huge private investment ($17 trillion by 2035) needed to meet growing electricity demands, especially in developing regions. Advance U.S. business partnerships¹⁷ for adoption¹⁸ and commercialization of efficient and innovative¹⁹ energy technologies for sustainable development.

为了激励将在替代能源、电力开发和重建领域维持能源转型的市场力量，我们：促进区域电网的发展和监管协调以创造更大的市场、提高可靠性和能源效率，并促进清洁能源和技术的整合及交易。鼓励建立财政可行的电力系统，吸引大量所需的民间投资（到2035年时达到17万亿美元）满足日益增长的电力需求，尤其在发展中地区。推动美国商业伙伴关系，为促进可持续发展采用高效及创新能源技术并实现商业化。

Energy Governance and Access

能源管理和获得渠道

To counter poverty and development issues due to lack of access to energy, poor resource management or both, we: Encourage responsible resource management by promoting global transparency standards, developing countries’ technical capacity and supporting accountable legal and regulatory regimes and sound financial management in line with international standards. Expand energy access through economic statecraft and partnerships with development agencies to help encourage creation of commercially viable models backed by private investment.

为解决因缺乏获得能源的渠道、不良资源管理或两者共同造成的贫困及发展问题，我们：鼓励负责任的资源管理，要求推动全球透明度标准，发展各国的技术能力并支持法律和监管问责体系及符合国际标准的健全的财务管理。通过经济治国方略和与发展事务机构结成伙伴关系，鼓励建立得到民间投资支持的可行商业模式，拓宽获得能源的渠道。

Energy Diplomacy in Action

能源外交实践

Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL): The U.S. is a key participant in the UN Secretary-General’s SE4ALL initiative, aimed at providing universal access to modern energy services by2030, while doubling the global rate of energy efficiency and the share of renewable energy.

“人人享有可持续能源” 倡议：美国是联合国秘书长“人人享有可持续能源”倡议的关键参与方。该倡议要求到2030年普及现代能源服务，同时使全球能效和可再生能源的所占份额翻番。

U.S.-Asia-Pacific Comprehensive Energy Partnership¹⁶: President Obama, along with the Chair of APEC and Chair of ASEAN, built this partnership to bring significant progress in addressing the needs of the estimated 387 million people in Asia without access to electricity.

“美国—亚太全面能源伙伴关系”：欧巴马总统与亚太经合组织主席及东南亚国家联盟主席共同建立了这一伙伴关系，以期为满足亚洲没有得到电力供应的约3.87亿人的需求取得重大进展。

Connecting the Americas 2022: An initiative to enhance electrical interconnections across the Western Hemisphere to achieve universal access in the next decade for 31 million people without electricity.

美洲互联2022：此项倡议旨在增强整个西半球的电力互联，在今后十年为没有电的3,100万人普及电力供应。

Power Africa: A public-private initiative to double access to power in sub-Saharan Africa, helping²⁰ countries meet critical energy needs and achieve greater energy security, develop newly-discovered resources responsibly to maximize the benefits to their citizens, make needed energy sector reforms and expand power generation and transmission capacity.

电力非洲：这项政府—民间合作倡议旨在使非洲撒哈拉以南地区的电力供应翻番，帮助有关国家满足关键的能源需求并实现更高水平的能源保障，负责任地开发新发现的资源以最大化地惠及其公民，进行必要的能源部门改革并扩大发电和输电能力。

Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI): The initiative promotes transparency and accountability in natural resource management for citizens. The process is managed in-country by a multi-stakeholder group of government, civil society and company representatives.

《采矿业透明度行动计划》：此项计划为公民推动自然资源管理的透明度和问责制。此进程由政府、公民社会和公司代表组成的多利益相关方团体在各国国内负责管理。

1 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。

2 nexus   

n.联系；关系

参考例句：

• Shared ambition is the vital nexus between them.共同的志向是把他们联结在一起的重要纽带。
• Either way,the nexus between the consumer and consumer prices is important.无论那个方面，消费者与消费价格之间的关系是至关重要的。

3 bilateral   

adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的

参考例句：

• They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
• There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

4 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

5 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

6 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

7 diversification   

n.变化，多样化；多种经营

参考例句：

• The seminar was to discuss diversification of agriculture. 该研讨会讨论的是农业多种经营。 来自辞典例句
• Firm diversification is increasingly achieved by the means of takeover and merger. 通过接管和兼并，厂商经营范围日益多样化。 来自辞典例句

8 implementing   

v.实现( implement的现在分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句

9 stimulate   

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

• Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
• Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

10 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

11 reconstruction   

n.重建，再现，复原

参考例句：

• The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.战后，该国面临着重建家园的艰巨任务。
• In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建时期，技术决定一切。

12 grids   

n.格子( grid的名词复数 )；地图上的坐标方格；（输电线路、天然气管道等的）系统网络；（汽车比赛）赛车起跑线

参考例句：

• Typical framed structures are beams, grids, plane and space frames or trusses. 典型构架结构为梁、格栅、平面的和空间的框架或桁架。 来自辞典例句
• The machines deliver trimmed grids for use or stock. 这种机器铸出修整过的板栅，以供使用或储存。 来自辞典例句

13 reliability   

n.可靠性，确实性

参考例句：

• We mustn't presume too much upon the reliability of such sources.我们不应过分指望这类消息来源的可靠性。
• I can assure you of the reliability of the information.我向你保证这消息可靠。

14 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

15 viable   

adj.可行的，切实可行的，能活下去的

参考例句：

• The scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
• The economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。

16 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

17 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

18 adoption   

n.采用，采纳，通过；收养

参考例句：

• An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
• The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。

19 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

20 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。