英译汉常用技巧(2)

 　　第二节 词类转译法一、转译成动词(一)名词转译动词(Convert nouns into verbs)My admiration¹ for him grew more.

　　He said he did not know whether Tom was ready for a showdown.

　　To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.

　　The Nobel prizes in physics and chemistry were rewarded to Americans, giving the U.S. a clean sweep of all the 1976 Nobel prizes in the sciences.

　　Television is the transmission and reception of image of moving objects by radio waves.

　　In the absence of friction², the vehicle could not even be started.

　　Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.

　　I am no drinker, nor smoker³.

　　The application of electronic computers makes a tremendous rise in labor⁴ productivity.

　　(二)介词转译成动词(Convert prepositions into verbs)There are many substances through which electric currents will not flow at all.

　　We are fortunate in our opponent.

　　Captain Ford⁵ was between the sheets by 9 last night.

　　The most he is after at this time is a chance to get more money.

　　I tried to talk him out of the idea, but he was unpleasant.

　　Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.

　　“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda⁶, and into the porch.

　　(三)形容词转译成动词(Convert adjectives into verbs)He said the meeting was informative⁷.

　　They were news-hungry.

　　It was a very informative meeting.

　　(四)副词转译成动词(Convert adverbs into verbs)The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.

　　It has snowed over.

　　Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they can’t sell their own goods?

　　二、转译成名词(一)动词转译成名词(Convert verbs into nouns)She knows what’s what.

　　They thought differently.

　　TV differs from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.

　　The computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.

　　He roared, which threatened his enemies away.

　　The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.

　　(二)形容词转译成名词The new treaty would be good for ten years.

　　The language of the poem is colloquial⁸, yet it’s deep in its understanding of human emotions.

　　Then the monkeys were trained according to different plans so as to make them highly individualized.

　　Everyday experience shows us that heavy objects are more stable than light ones.

　　三、转译成形容词名词转译成形容词Their physical experiment was a success.

　　The nuclear power system designed in China is of great precision.

　　Said a New York bullion⁹ trader, “The market’s gone banana.”

　　He found on this issue, as on Taiwan, an identity of approach.

　　In Europe, his name was well known, if not a household word.

　　四、其他词类转译副词转译成名词The air-conditioning unit is shown schematically on Page 2.

　　Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world, it is very active chemically.

　　The image must be dimensionally correct.

1 admiration   

n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕

参考例句：

• He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
• We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。

2 friction   

n.摩擦，摩擦力

参考例句：

• When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后，他们之间的摩擦加剧了。
• Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体，并使其停止。

3 smoker   

n.吸烟者，吸烟车厢，吸烟室

参考例句：

• His wife dislikes him to be a smoker.他妻子不喜欢他当烟民。
• He is a moderate smoker.他是一个有节制的烟民。

4 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

5 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

6 veranda   

n.走廊；阳台

参考例句：

• She sat in the shade on the veranda.她坐在阳台上的遮荫处。
• They were strolling up and down the veranda.他们在走廊上来回徜徉。

7 informative   

adj.提供资料的，增进知识的

参考例句：

• The adverts are not very informative.这些广告并没有包含太多有用信息。
• This intriguing book is both thoughtful and informative.这本引人入胜的书既有思想性又富知识性。

8 colloquial   

adj.口语的，会话的

参考例句：

• It's hard to understand the colloquial idioms of a foreign language.外语里的口头习语很难懂。
• They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. 他们对英语会话几乎一窍不通。

9 bullion   

n.金条，银条

参考例句：

• In the London bullion market yesterday,the price of gold was steady.昨天伦敦金银市场黄金价格稳定。
• Police have launched a man-hunt for the bullion robbers.警方已大举搜捕抢劫金条的罪犯。