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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Life certainly has its fair share of ups and downs, but if you tend to focus too much on the negative, it can affect everything you do. By seeing the glass as half full, you'll not only make your day-to-day experiences more enjoyable, but also improve your health (a recent Harvard study found that optimists1 have lower blood pressure levels, heart disease rates and more). Luckily you're not doomed2 to a life of glum3 and gloom—you can actually change your outlook for the better. Read on for nine easy ways to stay on the brighter side of life.
1. Acknowledge what you're grateful for. 学会对生活感恩
One very important component4 of optimism is gratitude5. In fact, a 2003 study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychologyfound that there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being7. Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you're thankful for. "I carry a small notebook in my purse and jot8 down moments of good in my life," says veteran broadcast journalist Deborah Norville, author of Thank You Power. "When I look back at the entries, seeing the words rekindles9 the good feelings that prompted me to enter them in the first place." By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around.
2. Fake happiness until you feel it. 在失意的时候伪装快乐
Feeling down? Instead of moping around waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting10 like you're happy—even if you aren't. "The brain can be influenced top down and bottom up to make changes," says Mark C. Brown, PhD, psychologist and author of the upcoming Live Like aWindow, Work Like a Mirror. He explains that a genuine smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. "So act in an optimistic way—smile, laugh, tell a joke or reassure11 yourself that everything is good—even if you don't feel it."
3. Evaluate the good in your life. 每天写几件你生活中的乐事
It's easy to focus on the bad events when they occur, looking at them from all angles in order to find out what went wrong. However, doing the opposite actually helps you become more optimistic. In 2005, Martin Seligman, PhD, a psychology6 professor at the University of Pennsylvania, published a study in which he asked a group of people to complete the "Three Good Things" exercise. Every night for six months, participants wrote down three things that went well that day, along with explanations for why they happened. At the end of the study the participants were happier and less depressed12 than when they started. The idea is that by forcing yourself to think about why good things occur—"My presentation at work went well because I spent a lot of time preparing for it"—you'll start to see your life in a more positive way, helping13 you to be more optimistic about your future.
4. Be mindful of your surroundings. 将注意力集中在你的生活中正在发生的事上，别为过去忧伤，也别为将来担心
You don't have to break out the love beads14 or enroll15 in a yoga class to practice mindfulness; it simply means being aware of what's going on around you as well as what you're thinking. "Often, things that sap our positive outlook and energy are either remnants from the past or worries about the future," says motivational speaker and happiness expert Valerie Sheppard. "Being present with what is, rather than what was or what might be, helps us feel confident and cheerful in the here-and-now." But how do you do it? Rather than trying to change the way you feel because it's "bad," simply acknowledge it and move on. So, instead of thinking "I feel so stressed out and need to stop right now," think, "I feel stressed out and that's OK." Or, try focusing on something in your immediate16 surroundings, whether that's your breathing or the pretty scenery outside your office window. By focusing your attention on something else, this will stop you from feeling badly about, well, feeling badly.
5. Turn off the news… …and turn on something more uplifting, like the National Geographic17 Channel. 少看新闻，多看看《人与自然》之类的节目
Though you may think that vigilantly18 keeping up with the latest events is simply informing you, it may also be bringing you down. "The more we immerse ourselves in doom-and-gloom sermons, the more we succumb19 to their energy," says Sheppard. "Trade in the things that raise your fear and frustration20 for alternatives that elevate your hopefulness and inspiration."
6. Counter every negative with apositive. 不顺的时候多想想生活中的好时光
Every time you stumble upon a roadblock, challenge yourself to think of something good that's happening as well. "People tend to think in an either-or way: If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too," says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor21 at Miraval Resort &Spa in Tucson, Arizona. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you're setting yourself up for feeling down all day. "Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window, the interesting radio show you’re listening to or a hug from your child that morning." That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day, and you'll learn to see them as just one small part of an otherwise good day.
7. Focus on small goals instead of big ones. 多为自己制定一些易实现的短期目标，努力实现它们
Pledging to lose 20 pounds or run a marathon seem like goals that will lead to happiness, except that people have a tendency to beat themselves up if they struggle to obtain them. "It's our natural tendency to focus on what we haven't accomplished22 instead of what we have," says Parker. Major life goals take time to achieve, so by focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself-and may even end up throwing in the towel, causing your outlook on life to worsen. However, if you focus on the small milestones23 that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the momentum24 to keep going. "If your goal is to lose 20 pounds, know that you have to do it one pound at a time. Instead of beating yourself up for still being overweight, despite weeks of dieting and exercise, congratulate yourself for dropping three pounds."
8. Help someone in need. 帮助需要帮助的人
Want to give your attitude a boost? Try making someone else's day better. A report by UnitedHealthcare and VolunteerMatch found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life. Find a way to give back near you by visiting VolunteerMatch.org or the Volunteers of America website.
9. Decide to be happy every day. 下定决心开心度过每一天
Many of us don't think about needing to have a positive outlook when things are going well—it's only when we're stressed out or in a foul25 mood that we wish we could press the "optimism button." But, according to Dr. Brown, the ideal moment to make a conscious decision to be happy is at the start of your day. "Each morning, while you're still in bed, say and repeat statements like, 'This is going to be a good day' or 'I’m looking forward to this day because…' The best time to do this is when you're relaxed and your mind is unencumbered by concerns or anxiety." By beginning your morning on the right foot, you can program your mind to be more optimistic all day long.
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optimists
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| n.乐观主义者( optimist的名词复数 ) | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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glum
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| adj.闷闷不乐的，阴郁的 | |
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component
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| n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的 | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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psychology
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| n.心理，心理学，心理状态 | |
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well-being
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| n.安康，安乐，幸福 | |
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jot
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| n.少量；vi.草草记下；vt.匆匆写下 | |
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rekindles
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| v.使再燃( rekindle的第三人称单数 ) | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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reassure
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| v.使放心，使消除疑虑 | |
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depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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enroll
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| v.招收；登记；入学；参军；成为会员（英)enrol | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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geographic
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| adj.地理学的，地理的 | |
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vigilantly
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| adv.警觉地，警惕地 | |
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succumb
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| v.屈服，屈从；死 | |
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frustration
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| n.挫折，失败，失效，落空 | |
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counselor
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| n.顾问，法律顾问 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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milestones
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| n.重要事件( milestone的名词复数 )；重要阶段；转折点；里程碑 | |
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momentum
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| n.动力，冲力，势头；动量 | |
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foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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