英语应试写作学与练：原因篇

    英语应试写作学与练：原因篇
    分析原因是英语议论文写作的一个常见题型。 例如：
    Why do today's young people have difficulty in reading and writing？
    Why is the world getting smaller and smaller？
    Why has the divorce rate in China increased in recent years？
    作文要求考生对这类社会现象或社会问题进行解释。 先给大家归纳这种类型的作文的基本结构模式如下：
    Paragraph1.
    Sentence（1） Problem（general）S（2） problem （specific）Paragraph2S（3） ThesisS（4） Cause1.
    S（5） Detail 1.
    S（6） Detail 2.
    S（7） Cause2S（8） Detail1.
    S（9） Detail2.
    Paragraph3S（10）Conclusion第一段中的S（1）、S（6）是引出文章要进行解释的某一现象或问题。
    第二段中的S（3）是作者对这一现象或问题的基本看法，也即文章的论点句。
    S（4）、S（5）两个句子是揭示这一现象的两个主要原因。这两个原因可以是并行的第一、第二原因， 也可以是客观的和主观的原因，或间接的和直接的原因。其中S（5）、S（6）时详细阐述S（4）第一个原因的；S（8）、S（9）则具体说明S（7）第二个原因的。
    第三段S（10）是总结句。一般说来，这句是提出解决问题的一些建议或方法。
    本模式可供大家参考使用，也可选择自己的写作方式写作。
    本期写作题目：A Boom in Adult educationDirections： For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Boom in Adult Education. You should write no less than 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline （given in Chinese） below：
    1.现在许多成年人都利用业余时间去大学或夜校读书2.出现这种成人教育热的原因是……3.结论给大家列出一些在原因作文里的常用句型，最好能记住多用噢！
    用于开头的句子：
    In the last few years， there has been a dramatic increase in the number of…………In recent years， China has experienced a growing tendency in ………引用调查资料等依据时说：
    According to a recent/new survey/study/research， the number/percentage of ………has almost doubled/tripled/ increased/ jumped from 5% to 8%/ decreased compared with ………。
    列举原因时说：
    A number of / Several causes might contribute to/ lead to/ account for the phenomenon/ problem/ sudden rise.
    Part of the explanations for it is that ……One of the most common factors/ causes is that………………is also responsible for the problem.
    Another contributing factor/ causes is that……。
    Perhaps the primary/fundamental factor/cause is that……用于结尾的句子：S（10）We might do more than identify the causes/ factors； it is important to take action to …………The significance of ……。is far-reaching； it might exerts a profound influence on ……………范文：
    A Boom in Adult EducationEvery Tuesday and Friday evening sees Miss Li， my neighbor and a secretary in a company rush home after a hard day's work， gulp¹ down her meals and then hurry out to catch the bus for her English class. Miss Li's case is not unique， and now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college.
    There are a number of reasons for people to go back for their education. Some people， like Miss Li， are doing it to acquire another degree or diploma to impress the society. To them more knowledge， or rather， more credentials² means more opportunities for better jobs and quicker promotion³.
    Other people， especially those who are laid off or out of employment go to vocational school to prepare to return to the job market. They are eager for new skills so that they can be qualified⁴ for the jobs in retail⁵ trade， administration， education and other service categories to which they are strange because most of them were blue-collar workers in the factory.
    There are also people who come to take such courses as Chinese traditional medicine， painting， calligraphy⁶ and photography. As their working weeks decline people begin to have time to fulfill⁷ their old dream of their heart's desire.
    Out of necessity or out of interest， people go back to school for the common goal——to improve themselves， and this boom in adult education， in turn， helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country.

1 gulp   

vt.吞咽，大口地吸（气）；vi.哽住；n.吞咽

参考例句：

• She took down the tablets in one gulp.她把那些药片一口吞了下去。
• Don't gulp your food,chew it before you swallow it.吃东西不要狼吞虎咽，要嚼碎了再咽下去。

2 credentials   

n.证明，资格，证明书，证件

参考例句：

• He has long credentials of diplomatic service.他的外交工作资历很深。
• Both candidates for the job have excellent credentials.此项工作的两个求职者都非常符合资格。

3 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

4 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

5 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。

6 calligraphy   

n.书法

参考例句：

• At the calligraphy competition,people asked him to write a few characters.书法比赛会上，人们请他留字。
• His calligraphy is vigorous and forceful.他的书法苍劲有力。

7 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。