学生论文写作最佳实践（上）

 　　学生论文写作最佳实践（上）

　　The art of writing a polished essay requires extreme attention to detail. Some students possess an innate¹ talent for writing a compelling paper, while others require a more stringent² methodology to achieve the same results. While natural writing abilities can vary from student to student, a solid writing process can improve most results. Many of the standard writing practices utilized³ in the current education system have long roots hashed out many years ago. Proven methodology and new technologies can help the current generation of students achieve their full potential when writing an essay.

　　要想写出一篇完美的论文，注重细节是十分重要的。有一些学生天生拥有能写出一篇有说服力的论文的能力，但更多的学生则需要经过刻苦的学习才能具备这个能力。天生的写作能力会因人而产生偏差，而一个扎实的写作过程则能取得一个好的结果。关于标准写作练习在现代教育体系中的应用的讨论早在多年前已开始。有效的写作方法及现代科技为当代学生在写作中发挥其最大潜能提供了极大帮助。

　　Every research paper has one key ingredient: the research. Even the most compelling, imaginative writer cannot out produce the substance at the heart of a well researched essay. Facts, figures and hard sources will always achieve better results than smoke and mirrors. In the old days, research required an absolute commitment to lengthy⁴ library sessions and a highly developed understanding of the Dewey Decimal system. Fortunately for today's students, the internet provides instant access to an unlimited⁵ wealth of resources at the click of a mouse. This paradigm⁶ shift has generally resulted in more sources per a paper with each source having more specific information. During the research phase a student will generally develop a thesis or specific argument for a paper. The thesis is the guiding force for the entire document. A well formed thesis should grow out of a broad research phase and guide the more specific research activities required to gather supporting sources for the thesis.

　　每一篇研究论文都包含有一个重要的部份：研究。即使是最有说服力，最富想象力的写作者也无法完美的描述出一篇好的研究论文的核心内容。事实上，形象的图示和实质的论证材料往往比如镜花水月一般的空洞说明的效果好得多。在以前，研究需要在图书馆中耗费漫长的时间而且研究者要对图书分类方法十分了解才能完成。而幸运的是，对于今天的学生来说，只要点击一下鼠标，网络就能为他们提供快捷而丰富的研究素材。这种资源获取方式的改变逐渐使一篇论文能够出现更多的素材，而每一个素材也承载了更多的有用信息。在研究阶段，一个学生一般在一篇论文中研究一个论题或有一个明确的论点。而论题是则整个论文的核心关注点。一篇有组织的论文应该建立于详细的研究之上并能对需要更多论证素材的研究活动提供更具体的指导。

　　Forming a thesis can be a difficult process and many writing classes will dedicate significant time to the concept and process of thesis creation. A thesis is the main creative sentiment in a paper. Despite modern technologies' contribution to the research phase, thesis creation remains⁷ solely⁸ in the hands of the writer.

　　创立论题是一个艰难的过程，因此许多写作课程都会花费大段时间讲解创立论题的概念及过程。论题是一篇论文主要的创造性观点。因此，相比现代技术给研究阶段带来的贡献，创立论题这一部分仍取决于论文写作者本身。

　　The body or framework of a paper is intended to provide supporting points that make the thesis more convincing. These supporting paragraphs should include the most compelling information from the papers resources. The average student essay provides limited real estate to prove a point. With this knowledge in mind, the supporting paragraphs of a paper should be optimized⁹ to put forth¹⁰ the strongest facts first. A student needs to organize the sequence and focus of each supporting paragraph to form the strongest foundation possible to support their thesis. Once again, while research elements will help dictate¹¹ the focus of a paper's supporting paragraphs, the creation of a paper's framework is still completely in the hands of the writer.

　　论文的主体及结构是论证部分，它使论文更具说服力。论证部分应包含在研究素材中最具说服力的信息。论证部分应该最大限度的利用素材来论证论点，但事实上，大部分学生的论文提供的论证素材都十分有限。因此，学生应该组织一系列强有力的论证素材用于论证阶段来支持论文的论点。也就是说，由于研究素材能过帮助我们关注论文的论证部分，因此论文的框架仍然取决于论文写作者。

1 innate   

adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的

参考例句：

• You obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
• Correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。

2 stringent   

adj.严厉的；令人信服的；银根紧的

参考例句：

• Financiers are calling for a relaxation of these stringent measures.金融家呼吁对这些严厉的措施予以放宽。
• Some of the conditions in the contract are too stringent.合同中有几项条件太苛刻。

3 utilized   

v.利用，使用( utilize的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• In the19th century waterpower was widely utilized to generate electricity. 在19世纪人们大规模使用水力来发电。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The empty building can be utilized for city storage. 可以利用那栋空建筑物作城市的仓库。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 lengthy   

adj.漫长的，冗长的

参考例句：

• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
• The professor wrote a lengthy book on Napoleon.教授写了一部有关拿破仑的巨著。

5 unlimited   

adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的

参考例句：

• They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
• There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。

6 paradigm   

n.例子，模范，词形变化表

参考例句：

• He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
• Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外，本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。

7 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

8 solely   

adv.仅仅，唯一地

参考例句：

• Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
• The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。

9 optimized   

adj.最佳化的，（使）最优化的v.使最优化，使尽可能有效( optimize的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• We are often asked whether consumer Web sites should be optimized for beginners or intermediates. 我们常常被问到这样的问题：消费类网站究竟应该为新手而优化，还是应该为中间用户而优化？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• GOOGLE Advertising optimized sequence, greatly increasing the advertising effect. 优化了GOOGLE广告位排列顺序，大大增加了广告效果。 来自互联网

10 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

11 dictate   

v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令

参考例句：

• It took him a long time to dictate this letter.口述这封信花了他很长时间。
• What right have you to dictate to others?你有什么资格向别人发号施令？