Childhood physical abuse（身体虐待） is associated with significantly elevated（提高的，高尚的） rates of heart disease in adulthood, according to new findings by University of Toronto researchers, published in this month's issue of the journal Child Abuse & Neglect. "Individuals who reported they had been physically abused as children had 45 per cent higher odds（几率，胜算） of heart disease than their peers who had not been abused, despite the fact we had adjusted for most of the known risk factors for heart disease," says Professor Esme Fuller-Thomson, who holds the Sandra Rotman Chair at U of T's Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work and Department of Family and Community Medicine.

The childhood abuse and heart disease link persisted even after controlling for health behaviours such as smoking, obesity and physical activity level, as well as other adverse childhood experiences such as parental addictions, adult income and education level, diabetes（糖尿病） , self-reported stress and a history of high blood pressure and mood disorders.

These findings were based on data from a 2005 representative community survey conducted in two Canadian provinces. Of 13,000 respondents, seven per cent indicated they had been physically abused as children and four per cent reported they had been diagnosed with heart disease by a health professional.

Co-author John Frank, director of Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, notes, "This finding, if replicated in other studies, suggests that patients known to have experienced child abuse or neglect should have their cardiovascular（心血管的） risk factors managed somewhat more aggressively than other persons, since they are at greater risk."

Frank believes that future research is needed to study the potential mechanisms through which childhood physical abuse is associated with heart disease. "Like many previous studies linking early life characteristics and experiences with late life serious disease, this study does not explain precisely how such links operate, biologically; further research will be required to understand that process."