VOA慢速英语2011--Hot in the Garden: Too Much Sun Can Harm

Agriculture Report - Hot in the Garden: Too Much Sun Can Harm Vegetables

农业报道 - 过多日照会对植物造成损害
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。
Last week we discussed how to grow vegetables in partial sun. This week we learn how to protect vegetables from too much sun.
上周我们讨论了如何在局部日照条件下种植蔬菜。本周我们将学习如何避免蔬菜接受过多日照。
Curtis Swift is an extension agent at Colorado State University. He says shading plants from intense sunlight in hot weather can increase production. Plants can suffer damage when their temperature rises above thirty-two degrees Celsius¹.
柯蒂斯·斯威夫特是科罗拉多州立大学的推广员。他表示，在炎热的天气里遮蔽植物以避免强烈日照可以增加产量。当温度超过摄氏32度时，植物就会受到损害。
CURTIS SWIFT: "Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, and okra and other members of that family drop flower buds and young fruit when the plant temperatures exceed thirty-two degrees C."
斯威夫特：“西红柿、辣椒、茄子、秋葵以及这一科的其他植物在温度超过32摄氏度时，花蕾和幼果会掉落。”
注：family在植物学中翻译为科，以上提到的几种同属茄科。
Plants can get sunburn. Yellow spots may appear on their leaves and fruit. These areas can become thin and white as plant tissue is affected².
植物会被晒伤，叶子和果实上可能会出现黄色斑点。由于植物组织受到影响，这些区域会变薄，变白。
Curtis Swift says shade can help correct these problems.
斯威夫特表示，荫凉可以帮助矫正这些问题。
CURTIS SWIFT: "What it does is, it actually allows the plant to give off adequate water, which cools the tissue."
斯威夫特：“荫凉实际上起到的作用是让植物散发出适当的水分，使植物组织冷却。”
He suggests shading plants with bed sheets, shade cloth or brush -- in other words, sticks and branches. Cut them about a meter long and stand them in the ground on the south and west sides of plants.
他建议使用床单、遮阳布遮蔽植物。或者用灌木丛，换句话说，也就是枝条。把枝条砍成一米长，插到植物南面和西面的土壤中。
CURTIS SWIFT: "Anything you can put over the plant. A lot of people can cut brush at the edge of the field and stick that into the soil on the south and west side of the plant and provide some shade."
斯威夫特：“你可以使用任何能够遮在植物上方的东西。很多人砍下田边的灌木丛，插到植物南面和西面的土壤中给植物遮荫。”
Curtis Swift says if you use cloth sheeting, suspend it at least five centimeters above the plants. That way there is enough space for bees to fly around. Be careful not to cover plants too closely, which could trap heat and defeat the purpose of shading.
斯威夫特说，如果使用布单，要悬挂在植物上方至少5厘米外，这样蜜蜂才有足够空间飞来飞去。注意不要把植物遮盖得过于密实，那样会使热量散发不出去，达不到遮荫的目的。
People can also buy canopies³ to shelter their plants. Some canopies have narrow strips of metal or wood to provide either sunlight or shade, depending on the position of the sun.
人们还可以购买大棚遮蔽植物。一些大棚使用窄长的金属或木质长条制成，根据太阳的位置，既可以提供日照，也可以提供荫凉。
Curtis Swift says shading works with field crops as well as vine crops like squash. People sometimes plant shrubs⁴ or trees to shade their vegetables. But he says tree roots compete with the vegetable roots. The veggies may not get enough nutrients⁵ and water.
斯威夫特说，荫凉对农田作物和南瓜等蔓生作物都能起到作用。人们有时种植灌木或树木为蔬菜遮荫。但他表示，树根会和蔬菜根竞争，导致蔬菜可能无法获得足够养分和水分。
And that’s the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. Here are a few of your comments about last week's report on shade growing. Ko from South Korea wrote: I can't imagine plants in the shade for most of day without sunshine! That's a really creative idea.
以上就是本期美国之音慢速英语农业报道的全部内容，是由Jerilyn Watson撰写的。以下是关于上周报道的一些读者评论。来自韩国的Ko写道：“我无法想象植物大部分时间在荫凉下没有日照，这是一个非常有创意的想法。”
Andy in Chile wrote: This is an interesting article. But you forget that the shadow allows the growth of the fungi⁶. And Slava in Croatia recalled: Once I grew small tomatoes on a balcony under a roof. Sun shone there only in the afternoon. In October the plants had only a few green tomatoes. I took them inside behind the window and they had ripe fruits on Christmas and the entire winter.
智利的Andy写道：“这篇文章很有趣。但你忘了荫凉会导致真菌滋生。”克罗地亚的Slava回忆说：“以前我曾在屋顶下的一个阳台种小西红柿，阳光只有在下午才能照到那里。10月份只结了一些绿色的西红柿。我把它们拿到室内放到窗户下，圣诞节和整个冬天都结满了成熟的果实。”
If you missed our report, you can find it at voanews.cn. I’m Bob Doughty⁷.
如果错过了我们的播音，你可以在voanews.cn网站找到相关报道。我是 Bob Doughty.

1 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

2 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

3 canopies   

（宝座或床等上面的）华盖( canopy的名词复数 )； （飞行器上的）座舱罩； 任何悬于上空的覆盖物； 森林中天棚似的树荫

参考例句：

• Golf carts with bright canvas canopies wandered the raingreen fairways. 一场雨后显得愈加葱绿的高尔夫球场草地上，散放着一些带有色彩缤纷的帆布华盖的高尔夫小车。
• Rock permitted seven canopies, cornices floors, decorative glass, Ambilight, momentum magnificent, magnificent. 七檐佛殿背倚山岩，楼层飞檐翘角，殿顶琉璃装饰，流光溢彩，气势恢宏，蔚为壮观。

4 shrubs   

灌木( shrub的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The gardener spent a complete morning in trimming those two shrubs. 园丁花了整个上午的时间修剪那两处灌木林。
• These shrubs will need more light to produce flowering shoots. 这些灌木需要更多的光照才能抽出开花的新枝。

5 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

7 doughty   

adj.勇猛的，坚强的

参考例句：

• Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质：脾气倔强，性格刚强。
• The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。