VOA标准英语2012--Agriculture Report - Really, It's OK to Pinch Mums

Agriculture Report - Really, It's OK to Pinch Mums

农业报道 - 如何种植菊花
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。
People have been growing chrysanthemums² for more than two thousand years. Mums make bright and colorful gardens. People in China and other Asian cultures make tea with the flowers. Giacomo Puccini, the great Italian composer, even named one of his works after chrysanthemums, "Crisantemi."
人类种植菊花的历史已经超过两千多年。菊花让花园更加鲜艳多彩。中国和亚洲其它国家使用菊花制茶。伟大的意大利作曲家乔柯摩·普契尼（Giacomo Puccini）甚至将他的作品之一命名为《菊花》。
(MUSIC: Manhattan String Quartet)
One basic kind of mum is the hardy³ or garden mum. The other basic kind is the florist⁴ mum. The garden mum is better able to handle different growing conditions.
菊花的一种基本品种是园艺菊，另一种基本品种是切花菊。园艺菊更能适应不同生长环境。
There are many varieties of mums. The decorative⁵ mum is often seen in gardens. Another popular type, the quill⁶ mum, has long, straight petals⁷ like a tube or needle.
菊花分为很多种类。观赏菊常见于花园中。另一类常见品种是翎毛菊，其花瓣细长呈针或管状。
Chrysanthemum¹ blooms can be white, yellow, gold, red or other colors. The plants often grow one meter high.
菊花可以开出白色、黄色、金色、红色或其它颜色的花朵，它们通常能长到一米高。
The soil for chrysanthemums should be kept moist but well drained so it does not get too wet.
种植菊花的土壤应保持湿润，但应保持排水良好以免过于潮湿。
Newly planted mums should be watered two or three times a week, depending on conditions. Plants established in the ground may do well just with normal rainfall.
新种下的菊花应该根据实际情况每周浇水2至3次。菊花在正常降雨条件下就能生长得很好。
Mums grow best in full sunshine. They produce colorful blooms when days get shorter and nights get longer. The life cycle of the plant depends on the amount of daylight. This is why experts advise against placing mums near nightlights or streetlights. The light may interfere⁸ with their normal growth cycle. The plants may develop buds too soon.
菊花在日照充足时生长情况最好。当白天变短黑夜变长时，它们就会开出五颜六色的花朵。菊花的生长周期取决于日照时间。所以专家建议不要将菊花放置在夜灯或路灯附近。灯光会影响菊花的正常生长周期，导致花蕾提前开放。
In climates where temperatures fall below freezing, plant mums at least six weeks before the first frost is expected. That way, the plants will be well established for cold weather.
在零度以下的气候条件时，应在预期霜降前的6周种植菊花。这样，菊花就能更好地适应寒冷天气。
Placing mulch around the plants can protect them from the cold. Consider using straw or shredded⁹ leaves for the mulch. The material will also add nutrients¹⁰ to the soil.
在菊花四周铺设覆盖物能防止菊花受冻。可以考虑使用稻草或碎叶作为覆盖物。这些覆盖物还能增加土壤养分。
Some gardeners say the most beautiful presentation comes from planting mums close together. But be sure to leave enough space to let air flow between the plants. If not, there may be a greater chance of disease.
有些园丁表示，菊花密集种植最为漂亮，但要确保植株间留出足够空间以使空气流通。否则，菊花患病的几率可能会增加。
To get more blooms, gardeners pinch back the branches when new growth has reached fifteen centimeters. Squeeze about five to seven centimeters off each branch. Pinch it again when a branch grows another twelve to fifteen centimeters. Stop the pinching about one hundred days before you want the plants to bloom.
为了获得更多花朵，当新枝长至15厘米时园丁会进行剪枝，每根枝条剪去5-7厘米。当枝条再长12至15厘米时再次进行剪枝。在你希望的花期前100天就要停止剪枝。
And that’s the VOA Special English Agriculture Report. I’m Jim Tedder¹¹.

1 chrysanthemum   

n.菊，菊花

参考例句：

• Each mourner wore a black armband and a white paper chrysanthemum.每个吊唁的人都佩带着黑纱和一朵白纸菊花。
• There are many species of chrysanthemum.菊花品种很多。

2 chrysanthemums   

n.菊花( chrysanthemum的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The cold weather had most deleterious consequences among the chrysanthemums. 寒冷的天气对菊花产生了极有害的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The chrysanthemums are in bloom; some are red and some yellow. 菊花开了， 有红的，有黄的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3 hardy   

adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的

参考例句：

• The kind of plant is a hardy annual.这种植物是耐寒的一年生植物。
• He is a hardy person.他是一个能吃苦耐劳的人。

4 florist   

n.花商；种花者

参考例句：

• The florist bunched the flowers up.花匠把花捆成花束。
• Could you stop at that florist shop over there?劳驾在那边花店停一下好不好？

5 decorative   

adj.装饰的，可作装饰的

参考例句：

• This ware is suitable for decorative purpose but unsuitable for utility.这种器皿中看不中用。
• The style is ornate and highly decorative.这种风格很华丽，而且装饰效果很好。

6 quill   

n.羽毛管；v.给（织物或衣服）作皱褶

参考例句：

• He wrote with a quill.他用羽毛笔写字。
• She dipped a quill in ink,and then began to write.她将羽毛笔在墨水里蘸了一下，随后开始书写。

7 petals   

n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• white petals tinged with blue 略带蓝色的白花瓣
• The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine. 许多花瓣在阳光下开放。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

8 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

9 shredded   

shred的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce. 先铺一层碎生菜叶，再把鱼放上，就可以上桌了。
• I think Mapo beancurd and shredded meat in chilli sauce are quite special. 我觉得麻婆豆腐和鱼香肉丝味道不错。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 tedder   

n.（干草）翻晒者，翻晒机

参考例句：

• Jim Tedder has more. 吉姆？特德将给我们做更多的介绍。 来自互联网
• Jim Tedder tells us more. 吉姆？泰德给我们带来更详细的报道。 来自互联网