VOA慢速英语2012 IN THE NEWS - Afghanistan Tops Agenda at NATO Summit in Chicago

 

IN THE NEWS - Afghanistan Tops Agenda at NATO Summit in Chicago

新闻报道 - 北约首脑峰会在芝加哥举行 阿富汗问题成为最重要议题

This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.

这里是美国之音慢速英语新闻报道。

NATO leaders will meet Sunday and Monday in President Obama's hometown of Chicago, Illinois. Afghanistan will be the top issue at the meeting of the twenty-eight member North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

北约领导人周日将在奥巴马家乡伊利诺伊州的芝加哥市会面。在北大西洋公约组织28个成员国的会议上，阿富汗将成为最重要议题。

The United States last hosted NATO leaders in nineteen ninety-nine. That was two years before al-Qaida launched attacks on the United States. Those attacks led to the first use of the common defense¹ provision of the North Atlantic Treaty of nineteen forty-nine.

美国上一次作为东道主迎来北约领导人是1999年，即基地组织袭击美国的两年前。那次袭击导致北大西洋公约组织1949年签订的共同防御条款首次被启用。

As a result, for more than ten years now, the coalition² has directed its attention on Afghanistan. The United States and NATO have about one hundred thirty thousand troops serving in the International Security Assistance Force, or ISAF.

于是该联盟开始了对阿富汗十余年的关注。美国和北约有大约13万部队在（北约）国际安全援助部队中任职。

They plan to withdraw all of those troops by the end of twenty-fourteen. The Afghan government is supposed to lead the country's security beginning next year. President Obama talked about the change when he flew to Kabul this month to sign an agreement with the Afghan government.

北约计划在2014年年底前撤回所有部队。阿富汗政府应当于明年开始负责其国内安全局势。奥巴马总统在本月初飞往喀布尔和阿富汗政府签署一项协议时谈到了这一问题。

BARACK OBAMA: "International troops will continue to train, advise and assist the Afghans and fight alongside them, when needed. But we will shift into a support role as Afghans step forward."

奥巴马：“国际部队将继续对阿富汗人提供培训、咨询和协助，并在需要的时候与他们并肩作战。但随着阿富汗政府向前迈进，我们将转变为支持者的角色。”

President Obama is to meet this Sunday with Afghan President Hamid Karzai. Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari also plans to attend the NATO summit. But President Obama's national security adviser³, Tom Donilon, says there are no plans for a private meeting with Mr. Obama.

奥巴马总统周日将会见阿富汗总统卡尔扎伊。巴基斯坦总统扎尔达里也计划参加北约首脑峰会，但奥巴马总统的国家安全顾问汤姆·多尼伦表示，目前没有计划让他与奥巴马私下会谈。

NATO has identified a support level of four billion dollars a year for Afghanistan. Stephen Flanagan of the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies says the question is who will pay it.

北约已经确定每年为阿富汗提供40亿美元级别的支持。总部设在华盛顿的战略与国际问题研究中心的斯蒂芬·弗拉纳根表示，问题是谁来掏这笔钱？

STEPHEN FLANAGAN: "Most allies have not met their pledges to the existing NATO training mission in Afghanistan over the past four years, so their willingness to do so after the ISAF forces are withdrawn⁴, when they are even more dependent on Afghan forces for their security, particularly given the incidents we have seen of late, that is a key question."

弗拉纳根：“在过去四年中，大多数盟国在阿富汗未能满足他们对当前北约训练任务的承诺。因此在国际安全援助部队撤出，安全局势更依赖于阿富汗部队，特别是鉴于我们看到随后发生的一些事件时，这些盟国的意愿将成为一个关键问题。”

The United States has paid an increasing share of the costs of NATO operations. A year ago, Robert Gates, in his last major speech as defense secretary, criticized cuts in European defense spending. He warned of what he called "the very real possibility of collective military irrelevance⁵" for the alliance.

美国在北约行动开支上支付的份额越来越大。一年前，盖茨在他作为美国国防部长的最后一次重要讲话中批评了欧洲防务开支的削减。他警告说，该联盟的集体军事有可能陷入僵局。

The NATO summit will include France's new president. Francois Hollande was sworn in Tuesday as the first Socialist⁶ president in almost twenty years. In Chicago, Mr. Hollande will have to defend plans for an early French troop withdrawal⁷ from Afghanistan. He promised during his election campaign to remove troops by the end of this year. Former president Nicolas Sarkozy had announced plans to remove them by the end of twenty-thirteen.

北约首脑峰会与会者包括法国新总统奥朗德。本周二，他作为近20年来首位社会党总统宣誓就职。在芝加哥，奥朗德将必须为法国提前从阿富汗撤军的计划做出辩护。在竞选期间他承诺今年年底前撤回所有部队。前总统萨科奇曾宣布计划在2013年年底前撤回部队。

Charles Kupchan is a NATO expert at the Council on Foreign Relations. He says the leaders in Chicago will once again discuss how to make sure European powers carry their fair share of NATO's military work. Mr. Kupchan says the issue takes on a new importance for several reasons.

查尔斯·库普钱是美国对外关系理事会的北约专家。他说，各领导人在芝加哥将再次讨论如何确保欧洲国家在北约军事行动中承担他们的公平份额。库普钱先生表示，这一问题被赋予新的重要性有以下几个原因。

CHARLES KUPCHAN: "One is that the United States is pivoting⁸ out of Europe, putting more emphasis on the Middle East and East Asia -- our footprint in Europe is going down to about thirty thousand troops. Number two, the U.S. is constrained⁹ fiscally¹⁰ and its own defense budget is going down. And that makes the U.S. more sensitive to what its partners in the NATO alliance are doing. And then you have the financial crisis in Europe"

库普钱：“其一是美国正淡出欧洲，将重心转移到中东和东亚。我们在欧洲的力量将下降到约3万部队。其二，美国在财政上被约束，自身国防开支将下降。这使得美国对北约的合作伙伴的动作更加敏感。而随后欧洲发生了金融危机。”

Experts say a good example of sharing responsibility was the intervention¹¹ last year in the Libyan conflict. The Europeans took a leading military role. But they needed a lot of help.

专家说，一个分担责任的很好的例子是去年对利比亚冲突的干预。欧洲人扮演了主要军事角色，但他们需要很多帮助。

And that's IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. I'm Mario Ritter.

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Contributing: Lisa Bryant, Andre de Nesnera and Dan Robinson

1 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

2 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

3 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

4 withdrawn   

vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出

参考例句：

• Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
• All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。

5 irrelevance   

n.无关紧要；不相关；不相关的事物

参考例句：

• the irrelevance of the curriculum to children's daily life 课程与孩子们日常生活的脱节
• A President who identifies leadership with public opinion polls dooms himself to irrelevance. 一位总统如果把他的领导和民意测验投票结果等同起来，那么他注定将成为一个可有可无的人物。 来自辞典例句

6 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

7 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

8 pivoting   

n.绕轴旋转，绕公共法线旋转v.（似）在枢轴上转动( pivot的现在分词 )；把…放在枢轴上；以…为核心，围绕（主旨）展开

参考例句：

• Here is a neat YouTube video showing the Gyro's pivoting mechanism. 这里是一个整洁的YouTube视频显示陀螺仪的旋转机制。 来自互联网
• Dart pivoting is widely used in the gannent pattern design. 省道转移的原理在服装纸样设计中应用十分广泛。 来自互联网

9 constrained   

adj.束缚的,节制的

参考例句：

• The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. 证据是那样的令人折服，他觉得不得不接受。
• I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness. 我不得不写信请你原谅。

10 fiscally   

在国库方面，财政上，在国库岁入方面

参考例句：

• Nor will fiscally stretched governments pump more money into the political equivalent of a leper colony. 财政吃紧的政府也不愿将更多的钱投入这个避之唯恐不及的政治瘟疫区。
• We are more fiscally constrained, which forces us to work smarter and more efficiently. 与F-15相比我们资金上的限制更大了，美女类小游戏，这迫使我们更为精心和有效地工作。

11 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。