VOA慢速英语2013 新闻报道 - 奥巴马政府提出2014财年财政预算方案

 

IN THE NEWS - Obama Administration Proposes Federal Budget

新闻报道 - 奥巴马政府提出2014财年财政预算方案

From VOA Learning English, this is IN THE NEWS.

这里是美国之音慢速英语新闻报道。

This week, the Obama administration released a budget plan for the 2014 fiscal¹ year. The plan calls for three trillion 770 billion dollars in federal spending during the year beginning in October.

本周，奥巴马政府公布了2014财年预算方案。该方案提出在今年10月开始的下一财年期间的联邦开支为3.77万亿美元。

注：美国财年为每年10月1日至次年9月30日。

President Barack Obama calls the proposal, “a fiscally² responsible blueprint” for middle class jobs and economic growth. The budget is his attempt to move closer to a “grand bargain” he sought in debt and deficit³ reduction talks with Republican Party lawmakers.

奥巴马总统称该方案是为中产阶级职位和经济增长制定的负责任的财政蓝图。他希望通过该预算案，在同共和党国会议员进行的债务和赤字削减对话中，实现他所追求的“重大交易”。

The plan includes one-point-eight trillion dollars in deficit reduction over 10 years. It also adds two-point-five trillion dollars in savings⁴ the president says have already been realized. This would bring total savings to four-point-three trillion dollars.

该方案包括在未来十年内削减1.8万亿美元赤字，还包括奥巴马声称已经实现的节省支出2.5万亿美元。这合计将节省支出4.3万亿美元。

Mr. Obama says his budget proposal seeks to end what he calls short-sighted, crisis-driven decision-making here in Washington.

奥巴马表示，他提出的该预算草案试图终结他所谓的“华盛顿短视、危机驱动的决策办法”。

“For years, the debate in this town has raged between reducing our deficits⁵ at all costs and making the investments necessary to grow our economy. And this budget answers that argument because we can do both. We can grow our economy and shrink our deficits.”

他说，“多年来，我们的争论持续集中于削减各类赤字和进行必要投资以促进经济增长这两点。该预算案解决了这一争论，因为我们可以同时进行。我们可以在发展经济的同时减少赤字。”

To become law, the president’s budget would require congressional approval, which political experts say is unlikely. His budget would replace tens of billions of dollars in required spending cuts. Those cuts went into effect on January first. Mr. Obama also wants to limit legal ways businesses and wealthy individuals can avoid paying taxes. And he wants to establish a minimum 30 percent tax on people earning one million dollars or more a year.

奥巴马的预算案需要得到国会批准才能正式成为法律，而政治专家表示这是不太可能的。该预算案将会取代1月1日已经生效的数百亿美元的支出削减。奥巴马还希望限制企业和富人逃税的法律途径，并希望对年收入100万美元以上者征收至少30%的税。

President Obama, who is a Democrat⁶, says he has gone more than halfway⁷ to meet concerns of Republican lawmakers who have resisted tax increases.

作为民主党的奥巴马总统表示，他已经满足了抵制增税的共和党议员关心的大部分问题。

House of Representatives Speaker John Boehner, a Republican, gives Mr. Obama credit for seeking more savings from Social Security and other big entitlement programs. But he says the president’s proposals are another attempt to increase taxes.

众议院的共和党议长约翰·博纳（John Boehner）称赞了奥巴马从社会保障和其它重大权益项目上寻求支出节省。但他表示，奥巴马提出的预算案是在试图增税。

“He does deserve some credit for some incremental⁸ entitlement reforms that he has outlined in his budget. But I would hope that he would not hold hostage these modest reforms for his demand for bigger tax hikes.”

博纳说，“他在预算案中勾画的一些增量权益改革确实值得赞扬。但我希望他不要以这些适度改革为要挟寻求增税。”

The president is proposing savings by using a new method to set cost of living increases for Social Security payments. But this proposal has angered many members of Mr. Obama’s Democratic Party.

奥巴马提出通过一种新的办法来制定社会保障金的生活成本增长量，从而节省支出。但这一提议激怒了奥巴马民主党阵营中的许多成员。

Another critic, Senator Bernie Sanders, is an independent. He says the proposal is a cancellation⁹ of a promise Mr. Obama made as a presidential candidate.

另一位批评家，参议员伯尼·桑德斯（Bernie Sanders）是无党派人士。他说，这一提议背弃了奥巴马作为总统候选人时做出的承诺。

“When Barack Obama was running for president in 2008, he said that he would not cut Social Security.”

“当奥巴马2008年竞选总统时，他曾说过不会削减社会保障。”

Mr. Obama defended his Social Security offer and changes to Medicare, the health insurance program for older adults and Americans with disabilities. But he says any compromise must not hurt Americans who depend on these programs.

奥巴马为自己的社会保障提议以及修改老年人及残疾人医保项目Medicare进行了辩解。但他表示，任何妥协都不能伤害依赖这些项目的美国人。

“I do not believe that all these ideas are optimal¹⁰. But I am willing to accept them as part of a compromise, if and only if they contain protections for the most vulnerable Americans.”

奥巴马说，“我不认为所有这些提议都是最理想的选择。但如果它们能够保护最容易受到伤害的美国人，我愿意作为妥协的一部分接受它们。”

President Obama’s budget will go nowhere without the support of the two main political parties. Senate Democrats¹¹ and House Republicans have their own separate spending plans.

如果没有两大政党的支持，奥巴马总统提出的预算案将走投无路。参议院民主党人和众议院共和党人都有各自的联邦支出方案。

1 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

2 fiscally   

在国库方面，财政上，在国库岁入方面

参考例句：

• Nor will fiscally stretched governments pump more money into the political equivalent of a leper colony. 财政吃紧的政府也不愿将更多的钱投入这个避之唯恐不及的政治瘟疫区。
• We are more fiscally constrained, which forces us to work smarter and more efficiently. 与F-15相比我们资金上的限制更大了，美女类小游戏，这迫使我们更为精心和有效地工作。

3 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

4 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

5 deficits   

n.不足额( deficit的名词复数 )；赤字；亏空；亏损

参考例句：

• The Ministry of Finance consistently overestimated its budget deficits. 财政部一贯高估预算赤字。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Many of the world's farmers are also incurring economic deficits. 世界上许多农民还在遭受经济上的亏损。 来自辞典例句

6 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

7 halfway   

adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途

参考例句：

• We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路，天就黑了。
• In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上，最忌讳的是有始无终。

8 incremental   

adj.增加的

参考例句：

• For logic devices, the incremental current gain is very important. 对于逻辑器件来说，提高电流增益是非常重要的。 来自辞典例句
• By using an incremental approach, the problems involving material or geometric nonlinearity have been solved. 借应用一种增量方法，已经解决了包括材料的或几何的非线性问题。 来自辞典例句

9 cancellation   

n.删除，取消

参考例句：

• Heavy seas can cause cancellation of ferry services.海上风浪太大，可能须要取消渡轮服务。
• Her cancellation of her trip to Paris upset our plan.她取消了巴黎之行打乱了我们的计划。

10 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。

11 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》