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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
What’s a GI Joe? 美国大兵
This is Phil Murray with Word and Their Stories, a program in Special English on the Voice of America.
We tell about some common expressions in American English.
A “leatherneck” or a “grunt” do not sound like nice names to call someone. Yet men and women who serve in the United1 States armed forces are proud of those names. And if you think they sound strange, consider “doughboy” and “GI Joe.”
After the American Civil War in the 1860s, a writer in a publication2 called Beadle’s Monthly3 used the word “doughboy” to describe Civil War soldiers. But word expert Charles Funk says that early writer could not explain where the name started.
About twenty years later, someone did explain. She was the wife of the famous American general George Custer. Elizabeth Custer wrote that a “doughboy” was a sweet food served to Navy4 men on ships. She also said the name was given to the large buttons on the clothes of soldiers. Elizabeth Custer believed the name changed over time to mean the soldiers themselves.
Now, we probably most often think of “doughboys” as the soldiers who fought for the Allies5 in World War I. By World War II, soldiers were called other names. The one most often heard was “GI,” or “GI Joe.” Most people say the letters GI were a short way to say “general issue6” or “government issue.” The name came to mean several things: It could mean the soldier himself. It could mean things given to soldiers when they joined the military7 such as weapons, equipment or clothes. And, for some reason, it could mean to organize, or clean.
Soldiers often say, “We GI’d the place.” And when an area looks good, soldiers may say the area is “GI.” Strangely, though, “GI” can also mean poor work, a job badly done.
Some students of military words have another explanation of “GI.” They say that instead of “government issue” or “general issue,” “GI” came from the words “galvanized iron8.” The American soldier was said to be like galvanized iron -- a material produced for special strength. The “Dictionary of Soldier Talk” says “GI” was used for the words “galvanized iron” in a publication about the vehicles9 of the early 20th century.
Today, a doughboy or GI may be called a “grunt.” Nobody is sure of the exact beginning of the word. But the best idea probably is that the name comes from the sound that troops10 make when ordered to march long distances carrying heavy equipment.
A member of the United States Marines also has a strange name: “leatherneck.” It is thought to have started in the 1800s. Some say the name comes from the thick collars11 of leather early Marines wore around their necks to protect them from cuts during battles. Others say the sun burned the Marines’ necks until their skin looked like leather.
This Special English program Words and Their Stories was written by Jeri Watson.
I’m Phil Murray.
1 united | |
adj.和谐的;团结的;联合的,统一的 | |
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2 publication | |
n.出版,发行;出版;公布,发表 | |
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3 monthly | |
adj.每月的,持续一个月的,每月发生的;adv.每月,按月; n.月刊;(复数)monthlies:月经 | |
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4 navy | |
n.海军,海军人员,海军军力,藏青色 | |
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5 allies | |
联盟国,同盟者; 同盟国,同盟者( ally的名词复数 ); 支持者; 盟军 | |
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6 issue | |
n.出版,发行,(报刊等)期、号,论点,问题,结果, (水,血等的)流出;vt.使流出,放出,发行(钞票等),发布(命令),出版(书等)发给;vi.发行,流出,造成...结果,进行辩护,传下 | |
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7 military | |
n.军队;adj.军事的,军人的,好战的 | |
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8 iron | |
n.铁,熨斗,坚强,烙铁,镣铐;vt.烫平,熨,用铁包;vi. 烫衣服 | |
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9 vehicles | |
n.运载工具;传播媒介;(为展露演员才华而)特意编写的一出戏(或电影等);[画]展色剂;交通工具( vehicle的名词复数 );车辆;传播媒介;手段 | |
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10 troops | |
n.troop(复数)部队,军队 | |
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11 collars | |
衣领( collar的名词复数 ); 领子; (狗等的)项圈; (管子或机器部件的)圈 | |
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