VOA慢速英语2014 欺凌对心理健康的影响

 

The Effects of Bullying² on Health 欺凌对心理健康的影响

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

A popular expression goes, “What does not kill us makes us stronger.”  But when it comes to being bullied³, that may not be the case. 

一个流行说法是，“不能杀死我们的东西让我们更强大。”但在欺凌这件事上，这个说法并不对。

Increasing evidence suggests that the effects of being bullied do not end with childhood.  The psychological and physical damage, such as anxiety and depression, can continue into adulthood⁴. 

越来越多的证据表明，被欺凌的影响会延续到童年以后。欺凌的心理和身体损伤，比如焦虑和抑郁会一直延续到成年。

A recent Duke University report shows that bullying can have permanent effects.   

杜克大学最新的一份报告表明欺凌具有永久性影响。

The report is based on research that began in 1993. The Great Smoky Mountains study observed 1,420 children from western North Carolina for years.  The scientists followed the people as they went through childhood to teen years and into young adulthood. 

这份报告基于1993年开始的一项研究，大烟山公园几年来研究了来自北卡罗来纳州西部的1420名儿童，科学家在这些孩子从童年迈入青少年和青年后继续跟踪他们。

The research showed that those who were bullied can develop long-term mental health problems as young adults.  It also showed that adults who were bullied as children have higher levels of C-reactive protein, or CRP.  CRP is a sign of nervous tension on the body.  Higher levels of CRP usually mean health problems later in life.

研究表明被欺负过的孩子在进入青年后会出现长期心理健康问题，同时还表明，童年时被欺负的成年人体内含有的c反应蛋白(CRP)水平更高。CRP

The Great Smoky Mountains study also found something completely new about bullying.  It seems that the bullies⁵ were healthier than the bullied – at least when talking about CRP levels.  The study found that those subjects who had never been bullied, but had bullied others, had the lowest levels of CRP.        

是身体神经紧张程度的指标，CRP水平越高，说明以后会遇到心理健康问题。大烟山的研究还从欺凌中发现一些全新的东西，似乎恃强凌弱者比被欺负者更健康，至少在CRP水平上来说如此。研究发现那些从未被欺负过，但欺负过他人的人，其CRP水平最低。

William Copeland led the study. He is a professor of psychiatry⁶ and behavioral sciences at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina.  He says a higher social standing⁷ for bullies might explain their lower CRP levels. 

威廉·柯普兰是这项研究的负责人，他是位于北卡罗来纳州的杜克大学医学中心精神和行为科学教授，他说恃强凌弱者较高的社会地位可能可以解释其较低的CRP水平。

Experts on bullying worry about that message.  Catherine Bradshaw is deputy director of the Johns Hopkins Center for the Prevention of Youth Violence in Baltimore, Maryland.  She warns that lower CRP levels might just represent a difference in the bullies' basic biology.  Ms. Bradshaw says that a health gain should not be understood as permission to bully¹.

研究欺凌的专家对此感到担心，凯瑟琳·布拉德肖是马里兰州巴尔的摩约翰霍普金斯大学预防青少年暴力中心副主任，她警告说，较低的CRP水平只说明这些恃强凌弱者基本生物学差异，布拉德肖说健康不应该被理解为允许欺凌。

Mr. Copeland says bullying is a serious childhood experience that is no longer found only at schools and on playgrounds.  Online or cyberbullying can make even a child’s home feel unsafe.  Some children who are bullied have killed themselves.  Sometimes bullies even kill their victims. 

柯普兰说欺凌是一种严重的儿童体验，不仅学校有，体育场也有发生。网上欺凌可能会让儿童的家人感到不安全，有的被欺负儿童会自杀，有时恶霸还会杀死受害者。

Mexico’s president is dealing⁸ with such a tragedy now. A 12-year old boy died last month a week after he was physically⁹ bullied at school. 

墨西哥总统正在处理这样的一起惨案，一名12岁的儿童上月死亡，而前一周他在学校被恶霸欺负。

The family of Hector Alejandro Mendez Ramirez say that bullies threw the boy into a wall.  He died later of head injuries.  Mr. Pena Nieto has sworn to fight bullying in Mexican schools.

赫克托的家人说恶霸将男孩扔进一面墙里，他因头部受伤死亡，潘尼亚尼托誓言打击墨西哥学校的欺凌现象。

And that’s the Health Report.  I’m Anna Matteo.

这就是健康报道，我是安娜·马特奥。

1 bully   

n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓；vt.威胁，欺侮

参考例句：

• A bully is always a coward.暴汉常是懦夫。
• The boy gave the bully a pelt on the back with a pebble.那男孩用石子掷击小流氓的背脊。

2 bullying   

v.恐吓，威逼( bully的现在分词 )；豪；跋扈

参考例句：

• Many cases of bullying go unreported . 很多恐吓案件都没有人告发。
• All cases of bullying will be severely dealt with. 所有以大欺小的情况都将受到严肃处理。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 bullied   

adj.被欺负了v.恐吓，威逼( bully的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• My son is being bullied at school. 我儿子在学校里受欺负。
• The boy bullied the small girl into giving him all her money. 那男孩威逼那个小女孩把所有的钱都给他。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 adulthood   

n.成年，成人期

参考例句：

• Some infantile actions survive into adulthood.某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期。
• Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.如今很少有人能将友谊维持到成年。

5 bullies   

n.欺凌弱小者, 开球 vt.恐吓, 威胁, 欺负

参考例句：

• Standing up to bullies takes plenty of backbone. 勇敢地对付暴徒需有大无畏精神。
• Bullies can make your life hell. 恃强欺弱者能让你的日子像活地狱。

6 psychiatry   

n.精神病学，精神病疗法

参考例句：

• The study appeared in the Amercian science Journal of Psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
• A physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。

7 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

8 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

9 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。