VOA慢速英语2014 ISIL和伊拉克的未来在何处?

 

What’s Next for ISIL and Iraq? ISIL和伊拉克的未来在何处?

From VOA Learning English, this is In the News.

美国之音慢速学英语节目，这里是时事新闻。

Sunni Muslim militants² have been putting pressure on the Iraqi capital, Baghdad. Officials in both Baghdad and Washington are concerned about the militant¹ group ISIL -- the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant. The recent successes of the group also are of concern to al-Qaida, its one-time ally.

逊尼派穆斯林激进分子不断向伊拉克首都巴格达施加压力。巴格达和华盛顿官员均对ISIL——伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国感到担忧。该组织最近取得的成功也引起了其曾经的盟友基地组织的担忧。

Western officials once thought of al-Qaida as the world’s leading terror organization. Last winter, al-Qaida leaders disowned ISIL and its leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, for refusing to obey orders. They criticized his goal of creating a borderless caliphate, or Islamic state, across parts of Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon. 

西方官员曾经认为基地组织是世界最大的恐怖组织。去年冬季，基地组织以拒绝服从命令为由与ISIL及其头目阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪(Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi)断绝了关系。他们批评了巴格达迪在伊拉克，叙利亚，约旦和黎巴嫩范围内建立无国界的伊斯兰国的目标。

On Sunday, in an audio recording³, ISIL declared itself an “Islamic State” without the words “Iraq and the Levant.” The group named its chief as “the caliph,” or head of state, and “leader for Muslims everywhere.” After the announcement, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi asked all Muslims to move in and join the fighting in Iraq and Syria.

周日，在一段录音中，ISIL宣布自己为“伊斯兰国”，而不再带有“伊拉克和黎凡特”的字样。该组织把自己的领袖命名为“哈里发”，或者国家元首，“各地穆斯林的领袖”。宣布该决定之后，巴格达迪要求所有穆斯林行动起来，参加伊拉克和叙利亚的战争。

The declaration of the caliphate is likely to intensify⁴ the dispute between ISIL and al-Qaida. Aaron Zelin is a Middle East expert. He wrote that, “The two groups are now in an open war for supremacy⁵ of the global jihadist movement.” In his words, “ISIL holds an advantage, but the battle is not over yet.” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy reported his comments. 

这位伊斯兰教主的宣布可能会加剧ISIL和基地组织之间的冲突。Aaron Zelin是一位中东问题专家。他写道：“这两个组织现在已经进入争夺全球圣战运动最高权威的全面战争。”用他的话说，“ISIL掌握着优势地位，但是战争还没有结束。”华盛顿近东政策研究所报道了他的评论。

With its recent success in Iraq, ISIL has increased its standing⁶ among jihadi or Islamist groups worldwide.

最近在伊拉克不断取得胜利，ISIL在全世界圣战运动和伊斯兰组织中的地位得到提高。

Ansar Bait al-Maqdis is a jihadist group based in the Sinai Peninsula. It has been supportive of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The group claimed responsibility for a suicide bombing in Egypt earlier this year. The attack killed three South Koreans and injured more than 10 other people. 

艾马格迪斯是位于西奈半岛的一个圣战组织。他们一直支持巴格达迪。该组织宣称为今年年初埃及的自杀式爆炸袭击负责。该袭击造成3名韩国人死亡，超过10人受伤。

In North Africa, Ansar al-Sharia groups have published pro-ISIL messages on the Internet. Jihadists in the Gaza Strip have also expressed support for the ISIL leader.

在朝鲜，艾马格迪斯在互联网上发表了支持ISIL的信息。加沙地带圣战分子也表达了对ISIL领袖的支持。

Charles Lister is a visiting fellow with the Brookings Doha Center. He says the declaration of a caliphate by ISIL “poses a huge threat to al-Qaida and its long-time position of leadership of the international jihadist cause.”

Charles Lister是布鲁克金多哈中心的访问学者。他表示，ISIL哈法里的宣布“向基地组织及其在全球圣战事业中的领导地位造成了巨大的威胁。”

In his words, “taken globally, the younger generation of the jihadist community is becoming more and more supportive of ISIL. We will very likely find ourselves in a dualistic position of having two competing international jihadist representatives -- al-Qaida, with a now more locally-focused and gradual approach to success; and the Islamic State, with a hunger for rapid results and total hostility⁷ for competition.”

用他的话说，“在全球范围内，年轻一代的圣战分子越来越支持ISIL。我们很可能发现自己处于两个国际圣战组织相竞争的二元世界——基地组织更针对当地，逐渐接近成功；而伊斯兰国急于快速取得成果，有意进行竞争。”

The pressure on Iraq’s central government is more immediate⁸. The government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has asked the United States for airstrikes against the ISIL without success. The Iraqis are now turning to Russia for help.

伊拉克中央政府面临的压力更加直接。政府总理马利基请求美国对ISIL实施空袭，美国未答应该请求。伊拉克人现在向俄罗斯请求帮助。

Lukman Faily is the Iraqi ambassador to the U.S.

卢克曼·法伊利(Lukman Faily)是伊拉克驻美国大使。

He says “We have a need. There is a void. If the U.S. can’t fill that void, whomever is available -- including Russia -- then they are welcome to fill that void.”

他表示，“我们有需求。该需求未得到满足。如果美国不能填补这个空白，无论是谁——包括俄罗斯，他们都非常欢迎他们来填补这个空白。”

President Barack Obama is not taking any chances. On Monday, the president announced he is sending more troops to Iraq to protect the U.S. embassy and the Baghdad airport. The troop deployment⁹ brought to nearly 800 the number of U.S. forces in Iraq.

奥巴马总统不想冒任何风险。周一，他宣布向伊拉克派遣更多军队来保护美国大使馆和巴格达机场。这次军队部署将美国驻伊拉克军队人数增加到接近800人。

1 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

2 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

3 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

4 intensify   

vt.加强；变强；加剧

参考例句：

• We must intensify our educational work among our own troops.我们必须加强自己部队的教育工作。
• They were ordered to intensify their patrols to protect our air space.他们奉命加强巡逻，保卫我国的领空。

5 supremacy   

n.至上；至高权力

参考例句：

• No one could challenge her supremacy in gymnastics.她是最优秀的体操运动员，无人能胜过她。
• Theoretically,she holds supremacy as the head of the state.从理论上说，她作为国家的最高元首拥有至高无上的权力。

6 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

7 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

8 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

9 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。