VOA慢速英语2015 美国向伊拉克派遣军队是否足够

AS IT IS 2015-06-13 Is It Enough to Send More US Troops to Iraq? 美国向伊拉克派遣军队是否足够

The United States says it is sending more troops to Iraq to prepare Iraqi forces in their fight against the Islamic State militant¹ group. President Barack Obama has approved the deployment² of 450 U.S. troops to train, assist and advise Iraqi security forces. The Americans also will work with Sunni Muslim tribesmen. Sunni militias³ have been working with Iraqi forces to take back Anbar Province from the militants⁴.

美国表示，他们决定向伊拉克派遣更多军队来训练伊拉克士兵，让他们更好地打击伊斯兰国激进组织。奥巴马总统已经同意增派450名美国士兵，训练，辅助并为伊拉克安全力量提供建议。这些美国军人还将与逊尼派穆斯林部落成员合作。逊尼派义勇军一直与伊拉克军队合作，从激进分子手中夺回安巴尔省的控制权。

The United States already has 3,100 troops in Iraq. President Obama approved their deployment last year after Islamic State fighters seized territory in the country’s north and west. The militants also control large parts of Syria.

美国已有3100名军人驻守伊拉克。去年，伊斯兰国战士从西部和北部夺取了控制权之后，奥巴马总统同意派遣军队。激进分子还控制了叙利亚大部分地区。

Presidential spokesman Josh Earnest announced the latest troop deployment at a meeting Wednesday with White House reporters.

总统发言人欧内斯特(Josh Earnest)在周三的新闻发布会上向白宫记者宣布了最新的军队派遣令。

“It reflects the need for the United States, our coalition⁶ partners, and for the Iraqi government to be nimble as we respond to an adversary⁷, an opponent on the ground in Iraq that has also demonstrated a capacity to adapt their tactics.” 

“这反映了美国，我们的盟军和伊拉克政府在面对伊拉克战场的对手，敌人时必须灵活应对，他们也表现出了随时改变策略的能力。”

He said the troops will be sent to a military base in Anbar province, following requests from Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi. A U.S. military spokesman said they could begin operations in six to eight weeks.

他表示，这些军队将按照伊拉克总理海德尔·阿巴迪(Haider al-Abadi)的要求被派往安巴尔省一个军事基地。美国军方发言人表示，他们将在六到八周内采取行动。

The United States is about to begin the second year of its campaign against the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or IS. The U.S. has been leading a coalition of countries against the militants. Coalition forces have carried out more than 4,400 airstrikes on IS targets in Iraq and Syria.

美国即将开始第二年打击伊斯兰国，也叫ISIS或IS的行动。美国一直领导几个国家组成的联盟打击这些激进分子的行动。盟军已对伊拉克和叙利亚境内伊斯兰目标实施了4400多次空袭。

As the anniversary nears, some officials and experts are making clear that military might will not be enough to, in Mr. Obama’s words, “degrade and destroy” the group.

随着周年纪念日来临，一些官员和专家明确表示，这些军队可能还不足够“摧毁该组织”。

Several observers say most people in the Middle East recognize that the militants are a violent threat to their communities. But they warn that getting the Arab public to fully⁸ support the fight against IS will not be easy.      

一些观察员表示，中东地区大部分人认为激进分子是他们社区面临的一大暴力威胁。但是他们警告称，想要阿拉伯公众全面支持打击伊斯兰国斗争并不是那么容易。

Zogby International studies public opinion in the Arab world. One of its surveys showed that a majority of Arabs know the Islamic State is a dangerous group. Yet it found they do not support the bombing raids against IS forces. The head of Zogby International, Jim Zogby, spoke⁵ about the findings.

Zogby International研究阿拉伯世界的民意。其中一项调查显示，大部分阿拉伯人都知道伊斯兰国是一个危险组织。然而，该研究机构发现，民众并不支持对伊斯兰国进行轰炸。Zogby International负责人Jim Zogby阐述了他们的调查结果。

“They've lost confidence in the ability of the U.S. to use force and use it responsibly. Iraq was a terrible toll⁹ on the Arab psyche¹⁰, and the (U.S.) behavior on Israel-Palestine has, has also had an impact. So simply knowing that the Arabs are afraid of, of ISIS doesn’t translate immediately to 'America should lead a military attack against ISIS.'"

“他们已经对美国负责任地使用武力的能力失去信心。伊拉克对阿拉伯人的心灵造成严重影响，美国对以色列巴勒斯坦的行为也有着重大影响。所以，知道阿拉伯人害怕ISIS并不意味着美国应该领导打击ISIS的军事行动。”

He added that many Arabs also are not happy to see the U.S. and Iran both fighting IS, a Sunni group that has attacked Shiite Muslims. Mr. Zogby says Arabs also see U.S. officials working with an Iraqi government that does not bring in all groups of the population.

他补充说，许多阿拉伯人也不高兴看到美国和伊朗联合打击伊斯兰国，因为IS是一个逊尼派组织，袭击什叶派穆斯林。Zogby表示，阿拉伯人还认为与伊拉克政府合作的美国官员并未收服所有团体。

Ryan Crocker formerly¹¹ served as the U.S. ambassador to Iraq. He warns that without more American involvement, the future of Iraq does not look promising¹².

Ryan Crocker以前曾担任美国驻伊拉克大使。他警告称，没有美国的参与，伊拉克的未来不是那么光明。

Bombing raids against IS targets are just not enough, observers say. They say a longer-term, political solution to the divide between Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims is necessary.

观察人员表示，仅仅对伊斯兰国实施轰炸还不够。解决逊尼派和什叶派穆斯林之间的分歧需要长期的政治解决方案。

Another former ambassador to Iraq, Zalmay Khalizad warns that, without a solution, the U.S. government will always be fighting wars. Both former diplomats¹³ agree that without stronger involvement, the United States risks becoming less and less of a player in the Middle East.

另外一位前驻伊拉克大使Zalmay Khalizad警告称，没有解决方案，美国政府将一直作战。这两位前外交官赞同，没有更多的参与，美国在中东地区发挥的作用将越来越小。

Words in This Story

nimble – adj. to move quickly and easily

adversary – n. an enemy or opponent

adapt – v. to change or amend¹⁴ one’s behavior

tactic(s) – n. a method or plan of action

confidence – n. a belief or feeling that one can do something well

toll – n. an effect on someone or something; a tax or payment for services

translate – v. to have the same meaning or effect

1 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

2 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

3 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

4 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

5 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

6 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

7 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。

8 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

9 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

10 psyche   

n.精神；灵魂

参考例句：

• His exploration of the myth brings insight into the American psyche.他对这个神话的探讨揭示了美国人的心理。
• She spent her life plumbing the mysteries of the human psyche.她毕生探索人类心灵的奥秘。

11 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

12 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

13 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 amend   

vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿

参考例句：

• The teacher advised him to amend his way of living.老师劝他改变生活方式。
• You must amend your pronunciation.你必须改正你的发音。