VOA慢速英语2019 美国财政部官员被提名世界银行行长

US Treasury¹ Official Nominated to Lead World Bank

President Donald Trump² has nominated David Malpass to lead the World Bank.

川普总统提名了戴维·马尔帕斯（David Malpass）担任世界银行行长。

Malpass is currently an official with the United States Treasury Department. Trump called him the “right person to take on this…important job.”

马尔帕斯目前是美国财政部官员，川普称他为“接任这项重要职位的正确人选。”

Malpass has been a sharp critic of the 189-nation World Bank. He has said that the bank has worked too much on its own growth and not enough on its main duties, like fighting poverty.

马尔帕斯一直是由189个成员国组成的世界银行的尖锐批评者。他曾表示，世界银行在自身增长方面做得太多，而在对抗贫困等主要职责方面却做得不够。

On Wednesday, Trump spoke³ to White House reporters about his nominee⁴.

周三，川普对白宫记者谈到了他的提名人。

“He has fought to ensure financing is (for) the places and projects that truly need assistance, including people living in extreme poverty,” the U.S. president said.

川普说：“他一直在努力确保为真正需要的地方和项目提供资金，包括那些生活在极端贫困中的人们。”

Malpass was an economic adviser⁵ to Trump’s presidential election campaign in 2016.

马尔帕斯是2016年川普总统竞选活动的经济顾问。

The nomination⁶ shows that the Trump administration wants more control over the World Bank. The bank is an international lending organization that assists developing countries. Its most recent president, Jim Yong Kim, left the position in January, three years before his term was to end.

这个提名表明川普政府希望扩大对世界银行的控制。世界银行是一个协助发展中国家的国际借贷组织。该行上任行长金墉于一月份离职，当时距离他的任期结束还有3年。

Malpass has said that he will work at the World Bank to push the Trump administration’s goals for developing countries. One goal, he said, would be to make changes to the bank that he and Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin helped negotiate.

马尔帕斯表示，他将在世界银行推动川普政府对发展中国家的目标。他说，其中一个目标就是对该行做出改革，这也是他和美国财长斯蒂文·姆努钦（Steve Mnuchin）帮助谈判下来的。

Malpass also said he would work to improve the standing⁷ of women around the world. An important “goal will be to ensure that women achieve full participation⁸ in developing economies,” he said.

马尔帕斯还表示将会致力于提高全球女性的地位。他说，其中一个重要目标是确保发展中国家的女性充分参与。

Criticism of international lending agencies

对国际借贷机构的批评

On Wednesday, the nominee met with reporters to explain his longtime criticism of the bank and its sister lending organization, the International Monetary⁹ Fund (IMF).

周三，这位被提名人与记者会面，解释了他长期以来对世界银行及其姊妹机构国际货币基金组织的批评。

Malpass said his efforts dating back more than 30 years have been aimed at reforming both organizations. He noted¹⁰ the work he had done in the Trump administration to get approval for a $13 billion capital increase for the World Bank. It was the bank’s first increase in eight years, and it included several lending reforms.

马尔帕斯表示，他30多年来的努力一直致力于改革这两个组织。他提到了他在川普政府中所做的工作，让世界银行增资130亿美元获得了批准。这是世界银行8年来首次增资，其中还包括几项贷款改革。

Malpass said he hopes to carry out other reforms, including enacting¹¹ restrictions¹² on loans to major developing nations, such as China and India.

马尔帕斯表示，他希望进行其他改革，包括限制对中国和印度等发展中国家的贷款。

Malpass said he believes these countries are too wealthy to receive economic aid. He said the bank’s loans to those countries took money that should be going to poorer nations.

马尔帕斯表示，他认为这些国家太富裕了，不应该获得经济援助。他说，世界银行给这些国家的贷款占用了本应流向更贫穷国家的资金。

“I am looking forward to working with China and others” to get repayment¹³ on their loans," Malpass said.

马尔帕斯表示：“我期待与中国等国家合作，让他们偿还贷款。”

The World Bank and IMF were created in the 1940s. Since then, the bank has always been led by an American and the IMF has always been led by a European. The United States is the largest shareholder¹⁴ in both organizations.

世界银行和国际货币基金组织成立于20世纪40年代。自那以后，世界银行一直由美国人领导，而国际货币基金组织一直由欧洲人领导。美国是这两个组织的最大股东。

Malpass served in Treasury and State Department jobs during the presidencies¹⁵ of Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. He also worked at investment bank Bear Stearns, where he was chief economist¹⁶ before its 2008 collapse¹⁷.

马尔帕斯在里根以及老布什总统任期内担任过财政部和国务院的职务。他还在贝尔斯登投资银行工作，在2008年该行倒闭前担任首席经济师。

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Words in This Story

achieve – v. to meet a goal

participation – n. joining in

1 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

4 nominee   

n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者

参考例句：

• His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
• Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。

5 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

6 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

7 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

8 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

9 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

10 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

11 enacting   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Generally these statutes apply only to wastes from reactors outside the enacting state. 总之，这些法令只适宜用在对付那些来自外州的核废料。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• In addition, the complexion of enacting standards for live working is described. 另外，介绍了带电作业标准的制订情况。

12 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

13 repayment   

n.偿还，偿还款；报酬

参考例句：

• I am entitled to a repayment for the damaged goods.我有权利索取货物损坏赔偿金。
• The tax authorities have been harrying her for repayment.税务局一直在催她补交税款。

14 shareholder   

n.股东，股票持有人

参考例句：

• The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
• A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

15 presidencies   

n.总统的职位( presidency的名词复数 )；总统的任期

参考例句：

• The Dalai Lama previously visited the island during the presidencies of Chen Shui-bian and Lee Teng-hui. 曾经获得诺贝尔和平奖的达赖喇嘛，此前曾在李登辉和陈水扁主政期间访问台湾。 来自互联网

16 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

17 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。