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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
The Human Side of Pack Animals
Now, the VOA Learning English program Words and Their Stories.
Like many languages, English uses animals in many of its expressions. And there are thousands of kinds of animals. So, when we talk about them, we put them into different groups.
Take, for example, pack animals.
One kind is an animal used to carry packs, or heavy loads. Donkeys and mules1 are pack animals. We sometimes call these animals beasts of burden because they help to ease the burden of humans.
I’ll never be your beast of burden
My back is broad but it's a'hurting
All I want is for you to make love to me ...
Another type of pack animals are the ones that live and hunt in a group, or pack. These include grey wolves and dolphins, just to name a couple.
Running with a pack has many benefits. When animals live in a pack, they work together. There is strength (and safety) in numbers. If you run with a pack, you can depend on others in your group. And there is always someone who has your back, or is ready to fight for you.
We can describe people the same way.
Some like to run with a pack. They like to surround themselves with like-minded people. People can run with a pack that likes the same music, has the same politics or enjoys the same activities.
It is easy to hang out with people who generally agree with you. It is comfortable -- maybe a little too comfortable.
This can lead to a pack mentality2, a situation where everyone thinks the same. After time you could become resistant3 to ever disagreeing, fearful of losing your place in the pack.
We also call this groupthink. This is a situation where members of a group feel pressure to always agree. Groupthink results in failures to think critically about an issue, situation or decision.
Groupthink or pack mentality can even be dangerous.
People caught up in a pack mentality do not think for themselves and can make bad decisions. For example, teenagers might start hanging with other teens who do drugs or commit crimes. So, parents often try to control which pack their child runs with.
With both animals and people, there is usually a leader of the pack.
They told me he was bad, but I knew he was sad.
That’s why I fell for the leader of the pack.
In our human pack, the leader is the one who calls the shots. They make the decisions for the group.
Some people, however, have no desire to run with a pack. They might be ahead of the pack and are more forward thinking. They do not want to go along with what everyone else is doing. Maybe they are just faster! Or perhaps they simply enjoy the life of a lone4 wolf.
As a lone wolf you solve problems by yourself. You do not ask for help when making decisions. You are free from pleasing a group. However, you might not have many friends. After all, everything has a cost.
Now, we finish our show with yet another type of pack animal – the pack rat.
This is a small rodent5 of western North America. Pack rats have large cheek pouches7, where they store food and other things. These pouches can fill up fast!
In the human world, pack rats are people who keep things that they do not need. They store them, not in their cheeks, but in their homes, garages and other storage places. A pack rat often says things like, “I can’t throw it out. I might it need it someday.”
When pack rats collect too much stuff and it interferes8 with their life -- they have become a hoarder9. Hoarders have a difficult time throwing anything away. So, they usually find themselves surrounded by stuff, sometimes even buried under it!
However, sometimes it pays to be a pack rat or at least to know one. One day you just may need something they have collected – a 40-year-old newspaper, a bicycle wheel, or a cow bell. One look in a pack rat’s basement or garage and you just might find what you need!
And that’s Words and Their Stories. I'm Bryan Lynn. And I’m Anna Matteo.
“I have trouble letting go. Things cling10 to me, you know. I’ve got those better-save-it-cause-you-never-know-you-might-need-it-someday blues11. You-better-save-it-cause-you-never-know-you-might-need-it-someday blues.”
Words in This Story
beast – n. an animal under human control
burden – n. something oppressive or worrisome : the bearing12 of a load —usually used in the phrase beast of burden
strength – n. the quality that allows someone to deal with problems in a determined13 and effective way
comfortable – adj. allowing you to be relaxed : causing no worries, difficulty, or uncertainty14
teenager – n. a young person between 13 and 19 years old
pouch6 – n. a pocket of folded skin especially for carrying the young (as on the abdomen15 of a kangaroo) or for carrying food (as in the cheek of a hamster)
hoarder – n. someone who collects things in their home obsessively16, including things that would commonly be thrown away: bags, old food, or broken items
cling – v. to hold onto something or someone very tightly
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1
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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mentality
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| n.心理，思想，脑力 | |
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resistant
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| adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的 | |
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lone
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| adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的 | |
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rodent
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| n.啮齿动物；adj.啮齿目的 | |
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pouch
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| n.小袋，小包，囊状袋；vt.装...入袋中，用袋运输；vi.用袋送信件 | |
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pouches
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| n.（放在衣袋里或连在腰带上的）小袋( pouch的名词复数 )；（袋鼠等的）育儿袋；邮袋；（某些动物贮存食物的）颊袋 | |
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interferes
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| vi. 妨碍，冲突，干涉 | |
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hoarder
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| n.囤积者，贮藏者 | |
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cling
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| vi.缠住，粘住，依恋，依靠，坚信，坚持 | |
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blues
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| n.抑郁，沮丧；布鲁斯音乐 | |
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bearing
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| n.关系，影响，举止，姿态，方位，方向 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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uncertainty
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| n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物 | |
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abdomen
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| n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分) | |
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obsessively
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| ad.着迷般地，过分地 | |
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