VOA慢速英语--改变你的口音时保持你的身份

Keep Your Identity While Changing Your Accent

English learners all over the world have the same question: how can I speak more like a native speaker?

A big industry has grown up around helping¹ non-native English speakers change their accent. Accent is more than simply how you pronounce individual words. It also includes the stress and intonation² patterns for whole sentences.

There are many books and software programs, online and in-person courses that promise to teach a "native accent." But is it really necessary to sound exactly like a native speaker? Some experts say it is not.

Eusebia V. Mont leads the Accent Modification³ Program at the University of Maryland’s Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences. Mont talked about it to VOA Learning English.

The Accent Modification Program serves students, faculty⁴ and the local community. Students come to the program for one or two school terms. They meet in a group for 90 minutes a week. Each student meets with one other student and a clinician for more individual work.

Altogether the program amounts to about 60 hours of learning in class. Mont says the time needed to improve is different for each student.

“The rate of progress absolutely depends on the type of accent it is, how long they’ve been speaking English, how often they speak English, how much exposure they have to the language; listening and speaking; so it’s a very individualized process.”

Everyone speaks with an accent of one kind or another. People often say they want to “lose” their accent, or lessen⁵ their accent. But it is more exact to describe such an effort as “adding” or “modifying” an accent. Mont says the purpose of accent modification is to give students tools to use when they need others to understand them more clearly.

“Our goal is not to eliminate the accent. I view accent as an extension of culture; an extension of a person’s individual identity - and I don’t work to eliminate any part of culture from an individual.”

Students in the program are looking toward the future. They will most likely work in English-speaking environments when they leave school. The program teaches them tools for this. For example, they learn how to give an “elevator pitch” – a short description of an idea – and to discuss their research. They also practice interviewing and giving presentations at work.

The program teaches idioms and colloquial⁶ expressions as well. This helps students talk with native English speakers. The idea is to help them feel part of the English-speaking community in which they study, work and live.

Mont says that there are a few methods for modifying accent, but most have the same basis. One method is called the Compton method or Pronouncing English as a Second Language, or PESL. Arthur J. Compton developed the method in the 1980s for English learners who know English vocabulary and grammar fairly well. PESL teaching begins with a test to find out how the student’s native language affects different areas of pronunciation. Then, learners use practice materials to record their own voice and compare their pronunciation attempts to recordings⁷ of a native speaker.

Another method is the Tomatis Method, which uses special headphones and includes listening to electronically modified music and voices. This method is also used as a therapy with children who have autism or other conditions that can cause difficulty in language learning.

The methods used at University of Maryland are based on data from tests of participants, Mont says. She has found that the best method is the one that works for the teacher and student. So the team may switch and use a different method if the first choice does not work.

Learners who want to modify their accent often take a “do-it-yourself” approach, thinking they know exactly what to work on. But that is not as easy as it may sound. The participants at University of Maryland’s Accent Modification Program learn how to listen to and examine their own speech pattern. They also learn to produce separate sounds and then work on intonation of sentences. Over time, they build confidence in speaking understandably in particular situations: class discussions, phone calls, interviews and discussions of their research.

Accent modification is like any other tool, Mont says.

“When you need it, pull it out of the bag, and when you don’t need it, it’s fine to put it away… if you are using accent modification for work advancement⁸, for example, then be comfortable in your home environment and with friends. Use the accent modification tools that you have learned when you need them.”

Mont’s final advice to English learners is not to expect to sound exactly like a native speaker.

“Don’t compare yourself to native English-speaking peers and colleagues. Unless it is an imitation or mimicking⁹, you’re not likely to sound exactly like your native English-speaking peers, and that’s okay.”

And remember, even native English speakers do not all speak alike!

I’m Jill Robbins. And I’m Bryan Lynn.

Words in This Story

accent – n. a way of pronouncing words that occurs among the people in a particular region or country

stress – n. greater loudness or force given to a syllable¹¹ of a word in speech or to a beat in music

intonation – n. the rise and fall in the sound of your voice when you speak

clinician – n. a person (such as a doctor or nurse) who works directly with patients rather than in a laboratory or as a researcher

type - n. a particular kind or group of things or people

exposure – n. the fact or condition of being affected¹² by something or experiencing something

modify – v. to change some parts of (something) while not changing other parts

eliminate – v. to to remove (something that is not wanted or needed)

interview – v. to question or talk with (someone) in order to get information or learn about that person

idiom – n. an expression that cannot be understood from the meanings of its separate words but that has a separate meaning of its own

colloquial – adj. used when people are speaking in an informal way

therapy – n. the treatment of physical or mental illnesses

confidence – n. a feeling or belief that you can do something well or succeed at something

particular – adj. used to indicate that one specific person or thing is being referred to and no others

advancement – n. the act or result of making something better or more successful

comfortable – adj. feeling relaxed and happy; not worried or troubled

mimic¹⁰ – v. to copy (someone or someone's behavior or speech)

1 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

2 intonation   

n.语调，声调；发声

参考例句：

• The teacher checks for pronunciation and intonation.老师在检查发音和语调。
• Questions are spoken with a rising intonation.疑问句是以升调说出来的。

3 modification   

n.修改，改进，缓和，减轻

参考例句：

• The law,in its present form,is unjust;it needs modification.现行的法律是不公正的，它需要修改。
• The design requires considerable modification.这个设计需要作大的修改。

4 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

5 lessen   

vt.减少，减轻；缩小

参考例句：

• Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain.经常运动有助于减轻痛感。
• They've made great effort to lessen the noise of planes.他们尽力减小飞机的噪音。

6 colloquial   

adj.口语的，会话的

参考例句：

• It's hard to understand the colloquial idioms of a foreign language.外语里的口头习语很难懂。
• They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. 他们对英语会话几乎一窍不通。

7 recordings   

n.记录( recording的名词复数 )；录音；录像；唱片

参考例句：

• a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
• old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐

8 advancement   

n.前进，促进，提升

参考例句：

• His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
• The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。

9 mimicking   

v.（尤指为了逗乐而）模仿( mimic的现在分词 )；酷似

参考例句：

• She's always mimicking the teachers. 她总喜欢模仿老师的言谈举止。
• The boy made us all laugh by mimicking the teacher's voice. 这男孩模仿老师的声音，逗得我们大家都笑了。 来自辞典例句

10 mimic   

v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人

参考例句：

• A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
• He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。

11 syllable   

n.音节；vt.分音节

参考例句：

• You put too much emphasis on the last syllable.你把最后一个音节读得太重。
• The stress on the last syllable is light.最后一个音节是轻音节。

12 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。